Alleyne descended from the first settlers on Barbados and was born at Street James as second son of John Alleyne and his wife Mary Terrill, daughter of William Terrill. On 19 October 1746 at Street James Church, Barbados, he married firstly Christian, fourth daughter of Joseph Dottin and had by her a son.
In 1757, Alleyne was elected for the Parish of Saint Andrew to the Parliament of Barbados, a seat he held for the next forty years, with only a break in 1771. Already after a decade in the Parliament, he became Speaker of the House of Assembly of Barbados, serving until 1770 and after another two years was reappointed until 1779 Alleyne was created a baronet, of Four Hills, in the Island of Barbados on 6 April 1769. Alleyne"s wife died in 1800 and he survived her until the following year.
In 1770, Alleyne financially laid the groundwork for establishing the Alleyne School, though it was actually without schoolhouse until 1784.
Mount Gay Distilleries Limited., makers of the world"s oldest known rum brand still in existence, was renamed from its earlier name of Mount Gilboa Plantation/Distillery.
