Background
She was born in Kassel, the daughter of a poor musician, Johann Schmeling.
She was born in Kassel, the daughter of a poor musician, Johann Schmeling.
She was helped by influential friends, and studied under Johann Adam Hiller in Leipzig for five years, alongside Corona Schröter, proving to be endowed with a wonderful soprano voice.
From him she learnt to play the violin, and while still a child, her playing at the fair at Frankfurt was so remarkable that money was collected to provide for her. She began to sing in public in 1771, and was soon recognized as the greatest singer that Germany had produced. After singing in Vienna, Munich and elsewhere, she appeared in Paris in 1782, where her rivalry with the singer Luísa Todi split the public into Todists and Maratists.
In 1784 she went to London and continued to appear there with great success, with visits at intervals to Italy and to Paris till 1802, when for some years she retired to Russia, where she lost her fortune at the time of the French invasion.
She visited England again in 1819, but then abandoned the stage. She went to Livonia, where she became a music teacher in Reval, and died there in 1833 in extreme poverty.
She was buried at Kopli cemetery.