Background
Jackson was born on February 13, 1865, in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, the son of Josiah Jackson, a professor of mathematics at Pennsylvania State College, and Mary Detweiler Price Jackson.
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Excerpt from Report to the Massachusetts Highway Commission Being an Answer to Three Questions Asked by the Commission: Growing Out of the Investigation of the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company The telephone art is by no means stable. In most Of the well developed lines of industry, the art is on an advance but is advancing at a substantially stable rate. This is the condition, for instance, of the railroad art. NO unforeseen or unanticipated revolutionary changes are momentarily expected to occur in the railroad art on account Of discoveries or inventions, but the telephone art is different. The telephone service is now expanding at its tremendous rate largely on account Of the introduction of the common battery system Of Operating telephones, and other improvements of more or less revolutionary character are likely to be introduced into the telephone art from time to time for decades to come. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Jackson was born on February 13, 1865, in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, the son of Josiah Jackson, a professor of mathematics at Pennsylvania State College, and Mary Detweiler Price Jackson.
Jackson spent his youth in the environment of Pennsylvania State College, where his father taught; he himself became a student there after attending the Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. Jackson graduated with honors in civil engineering from Pennsylvania State College in 1885. He then studied electrical engineering at Cornell University for two years. While there he came under the influence of W. A. Anthony, who had in 1882 established Cornell's electrical engineering program, one of the first two such programs in the United States. In 1888 Jackson received a second degree from Pennsylvania State College.
While still an undergraduate, Jackson spent the summer of 1884 as an assistant to William Stanley, a pioneer innovator in the field of alternating-current power. He helped Stanley prepare a display for the International Electrical Exhibition held in Philadelphia the following autumn. At the exhibition Jackson became acquainted with several engineers who were important influences in his later career, including Frank Sprague, the designer of streetcar systems. The American Institute of Electrical Engineers was also organized during the exhibition, and marked an important step toward professionalizing the field of electrical engineering, later one of Jackson's major interests. The prominence given faculty and student participation in research at Cornell made a strong impression on Jackson, who incorporated a similar emphasis in the electrical engineering departments that he later headed.
In 1887 Jackson and two other Cornell graduates, J. G. White and Harris J. Ryan, organized the Western Engineering Company with headquarters in Lincoln, Nebraska. The company constructed several electric power plants and electric street railway systems in the region. In 1889, Jackson moved to New York City as assistant to the chief engineer of the Sprague Electric Railway and Motor Company. Jackson remained with Sprague until shortly after its absorption by the Edison General Electric Company in 1891. These four years of practical experience contributed to his developing conception of what an engineering education should embody.
Jackson embarked on his long career as an electrical engineering educator and administrator in 1891 when he was selected to head a newly created department of electrical engineering at the University of Wisconsin. He remained at the school until 1907, building up an outstanding department that attracted national attention. He and his teaching staff engaged in a very active consulting engineering practice, and he later wrote that this had been part of his strategy to overcome the general feeling in the Midwest that college professors were too theoretical and impractical. The distinctive educational system that Jackson developed stressed practical problem-solving by both students and faculty combined with linkage to outside institutions provided by consulting work. He also wrote several engineering textbooks and received a number of patents on electric machines and telephone devices.
In 1902 Jackson formed a formal consulting partnership with his brother, William B. Jackson, with offices in Chicago and Boston. In 1907 Jackson accepted an appointment as head of the department of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a position that he retained until his retirement in 1935. He promptly instituted reforms in the curriculum following the pattern of his Wisconsin program. The location of MIT in a highly developed industrial region and Jackson's network of friendships with leading executives in the electrical industry enabled him to introduce successfully another important educational innovation. This was a cooperative program in which MIT and industry shared responsibility for the last three years of a five-year engineering program. Another of his educational experiments was an honors program that permitted gifted students to follow a less structured program that stressed original research. He also encouraged informal discussions through the practice of inviting students to tea at his home.
Jackson was actively interested in promoting greater social involvement and responsibility among engineers throughout his career. This provided the central theme of his presidential address, entitled "Electrical Engineers and the Public, " before the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) in 1911. He later led a campaign for the adoption of a code of ethics for engineers while serving as chairman of the Committee on Ethics of the Engineers Council for Professional Development. This interest was related to his consulting activities, which frequently involved him in public-utility cases; his reputation as an authority in this field led to his selection by the British government in 1911 as consultant during the nationalization of the British telephone industry.
Jackson served with the army engineers in France during World War I and was responsible for providing adequate quantities of electrical power for the American forces. Following the armistice, he headed a board established to estimate war damages for the American Peace Commission. The notable achievements of Jackson's students are a tribute to his personal leadership and to the methodology of engineering education, in which he pioneered. At a single AIEE meeting in 1929, more than fifty of Jackson's former students were in attendance; they were all either college administrators or chief engineers. Jackson received the prestigious Edison Medal for 1938, the first time it had been awarded for creative contributions to engineering education. He died at the age of eighty-six in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Jackson was the President of the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education (1905).
On September 24, 1889, Jackson married Mable Augusta Foss in Orono, Maine; they had two children.