Career
He received his education in Vienna, and following graduation remained in Vienna as a secondary school teacher. In 1884 he began work as an assistant at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. One of his better known students was historian Ernst Hartwig Kantorowicz (1895-1963).
In 1882 he accompanied German archaeologist Carl Humann (1839-1896) to Smyrna on behalf of the Berlin Academy of Sciences, with support from the Vienna Ministry of Education.
He also assisted Humann on a reconstruction project involving the Monumentum Ancyranum. With philologist Rudolf Ernst Brünnow (1858-1917), he provided a comprehensive analysis and map of the ancient city of Petra.