Background
Chapman was born in 1837 in Michigan, to white and Native American parents. He married Mary Longneck, the daughter of the Cheyenne Chief Stone Calf, and had six children with her.
Chapman was born in 1837 in Michigan, to white and Native American parents. He married Mary Longneck, the daughter of the Cheyenne Chief Stone Calf, and had six children with her.
His medal was later revoked before he died as he was a civilian, but was reinstated in 1989. In 2012, he was inducted into the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame. He began acting as a scout for the United States. Army and settlers in the 1860s.
In 1868 he moved to Oklahoma, and was attached to the Seventh Cavalry during General Alfred Sully"s actions against the Cheyenne out of Fort Dodge.
Subsequently, Camp Supply was set up and Chapman worked there as an interpreter. He lived for a time with her tribe.
In July 1874, he volunteered to scout for the United States. Army once more, and scouted for Lieutenant Frank Baldwin. On 12 September, he was involved in an action which would earn him a Medal of Honor.
Chapman, fellow civilian Billy Dixon and four soldiers were confronted with a force of over a hundred Comanches and Kiowas.
At Battle of Buffalo wallow, as it became known, the small group made its way to a defensive position in a buffalo wallow, where it held out until the weather caused the Native American force to break off their attack. What happened during the battle is disputed. At one point either Dixon or Chapman was injured and stranded outside of the wallow and the other ventured out to retrieve his fellow scout.
Chapman"s story goes that he pulled Dixon up onto his back, and had to stop on his return several times to eliminate the Native Americans who were attempting to shoot him and Dixon.
With a quarter of a mile to go before they reached the wallow, Chapman was shot in shin on his right leg, which shattered the bone. He continued to drag himself and Dixon the rest of the way back to the wallow, whilst under fire.
However, Dixon"s story is that Chapman was already injured and Dixon retrieved him and pulled him back to the wallow. Chapman subsequently wore a prosthetic leg, and continued to serve as camp interpreter during the commotion following the Dull Knife Fight in 1879.
The Native Americans referred to him as Tam-e-yukh-tah, which translated as "the man with the cut off leg".
He reportedly still slept on occasion in a teepee. Chapman would visit Miles annually in Washington. He died on 18 July 1925 as a result of injuries suffered from a wagon accident.
He was due to speak as part of the lyceum circuit at the time of his death.
He was buried in Brumfield Cemetery, Dewey County, Oklahoma. Chapman"s medal was revoked in a review in 1916-1917, along with several other awards made to civilian scouts.
lieutenant was restored in 1989.