Career
In 1906, he became a workers journalists and a functionary of workers associations in Austria-Hungary. In 1919, he led the Czechoslovakian and Slovak section at the central committee of the Hungarian Communist Party. During the period 20 June - 7 July 1919, he was the “chairman of the revolutionary committee” (predseda revolučného výboru) of the short-lived Slovak Soviet Republic.
In 1920 he was sentenced by the Horthy regime in Hungary, then delivered to Czechoslovak authorities.
In 1922, he moved to Soviet Russia, where he became a functionary of the International Workers Aid Council. He lived in Cheboksary, Chuvashia.
He died "in bed" as reported by the historian V. Nálevka.