Background
Billing was the son of Theodore Billing of Cromlyn, in the county of Dublin.
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( Title: The Science of Gems, Jewels, Coins, and Medals, ...)
Title: The Science of Gems, Jewels, Coins, and Medals, ancient and modern. (Appendix. Autobiography of Pistrucci. Translated by Mrs. Billing.) With plates. Publisher: British Library, Historical Print Editions The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. It is one of the world's largest research libraries holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats: books, journals, newspapers, sound recordings, patents, maps, stamps, prints and much more. Its collections include around 14 million books, along with substantial additional collections of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC. The GEOLOGY collection includes books from the British Library digitised by Microsoft. The works in this collection contain a number of maps, charts, and tables from the 16th to the 19th centuries documenting geological features of the natural world. Also contained are textbooks and early scientific studies that catalogue and chronicle the human stance toward water and land use. Readers will further enjoy early historical maps of rivers and shorelines demonstrating the artistry of journeymen, cartographers, and illustrators. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++ British Library Billing, Archibald; 1875. 226 p. ; 8º. 7106.bb.30.
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(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
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( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
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(A TREA'fISE on Gems naturally embraces the preoious stone...)
A TREA'fISE on Gems naturally embraces the preoious stones, or jewels; for although the word' gem' has been for ages oonventionally applied to stones with some subject or device engraved upon them,-such as the ring-stones alluded to by Mrecenas, one of the first connoisseur gem-collectors on record, in his epistle to Horace, *-the Romans had no name for jewel but gemma;t nor for jeweller, except gemmw·ius. Tho Romans of the present day, however, apply the word gioia to jewel, as in the pretty Italian ballad, where it is used figuratively: " Benede.tt a sia la madre. chi te fece cosi bella; ... ... ... ... Tn sei la gioia mia,"! &c. ; '* " I.ucentes, mea vita, nee smaragdos, Berillos mibi, Flacce, nee nitentes, Nec percandida margarita qurero. Nee quos Tbynica lima perpolivit AnelIos, neque jaspios lapillos,"- that is, "seal-rings and jasper pebbles, polished by the Thynian file," besides the jewels which he has previously enumerated. t "Non gemmis, neque p Table of Contents LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS; No Facill!! page 40; 1 Elgin Metope; 2 Elgin }<'rieze; 3 Basso relievo: Sarcophagus; Facing page 44 (I); 4 ~1arble Vase; 5 Portland Vase (BARBERDa); 6 Cameo from Bronsted Bronze; i Bas Relief: Cupid and Psyche (1'HORWALOSE:"); 8 Intaglio: Forge of Vulcan; 9 Bas Relief, by FLAx~IAx: Mercury and PantIora; 10 Intaglio: Laocoon; 11 Intaglio: Hector and Andromache; 12 Agate Seal, from Nineveh; 13 Impression of ditto; Facillg page 44 (2); 14 Cameo: Laocoon; 1!5 Cameo: Hector and Andromache; 16 Intaglio: Mercury and It Titan; 17 Intaglio: Saturn and Ne·ith; 18 Cylinder, with intaglios, from Nineyeh; 1 !~ "; 20 Egyptian 8carabcns; 21 Egyptian intaglio; 22 " ,; 23 Assyrian 8carabeus intagl; 24 Impression from It cylinder; Facillg page 48; 25 A coin of Syracuse; 26 A Greek coin: Alexander the Great; 27 Coin of Thurium; 28 Coin of Agrigentum ~(l; :W Illta~lio: ~t'r(,ul"'y; :10 Intaglio: Thes{,ll" HIl!1 Cl'ntaUI"; :11 Ca
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Billing was the son of Theodore Billing of Cromlyn, in the county of Dublin.
He entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1807, graduated Bachelor of Arts 1811, Bachelor of Medicine 1814, Doctor of Medicine
1818, and was incorporated Doctor of Medicine at Oxford on his Dublin degree on 22 October 1818. He says himself that he spent seven years in clinical study at Irish, British, and continental hospitals before he sought a fee, but about 1815 must have settled in London, was admitted candidate (member) of the College of Physicians on 22 December 1818, and fellow on 22 December 1819. He was censor of the college in 1823, and councillor 1852-1855.
Billing was long connected with the London Hospital, to which foundation, after having been engfaged in teaching there since 1817, he was elected physician on 2 July 1822.
In 1823 he began a course of clinical lectures. He ceased to lecture in 1836, and resigned the post of physician on 4 June 1845.
He was also for a considerable time examiner in medicine. After a long and distinguished professional career, he retired from practice many years before his death, which occurred on 2 September 1881 at his house in Park Lane.
His acute and logical intellect served him well in embodying his large experience in a well-known manual, The First Principles of Medicine, which, in its first issue in 1831 hardly more than a pamphlet, grew to a bulky text-book
lieutenant was at one time very popular, and ran to six editions, though now almost forgotten. He gave special attention to diseases of the chest, and was among the earliest medical teachers in London to make auscultation, as introduced by Laennec, a part of regular instruction. His original views respecting the cause of the sounds of the heart, which have only partially been accepted, were first put forth in 1832.
He restated them in the London Medical Gazette (1840, xxvi 64), and also in his Practical Observations on Diseases of the Lungs and Heart, a work much less successful than the Principles of Medicine.
In all Billing"s writings his avowed aim was to base medicine on pathology. Their most striking feature is clearness of thought, and a striving after logical accuracy which sometimes appears overstrained.
Beginning as an innovator, he came in the end to be conservative, and was much opposed to what he regarded as the teachings of the German school. He took great interest in art, was himself a fair amateur artist, and a keen connoisseur in engraved gems, coins, and similar objects.
On this subject he published an elaborate text-book, illustrated with photographs, which has reached a second edition
Billing was a man of great physical as well as mental activity, and was perhaps the last London physician who occasionally visited his patients on horseback. Number portrait of him appears to have been published, except a very poor woodcut in the Medical Circular, 1852. He is buried in the Kensal Green Cemetery, London.
(A TREA'fISE on Gems naturally embraces the preoious stone...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( Title: The Science of Gems, Jewels, Coins, and Medals, ...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
Royal Society]
On the foundation of the university of London in 1836, Billing was invited to become a member of the senate, and occupied an influential position on that body for many years. He was fellow of the Royal Society, and an active member of many other scientific and medical societies.