Background
Chayes, Abram was born on July 18, 1922 in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Son of Edward and Kitty (Torch) Chayes.
( In an increasingly complex and interdependent world, s...)
In an increasingly complex and interdependent world, states resort to a bewildering array of regulatory agreements to deal with problems as disparate as climate change, nuclear proliferation, international trade, satellite communications, species destruction, and intellectual property. In such a system, there must be some means of ensuring reasonably reliable performance of treaty obligations. The standard approach to this problem, by academics and politicians alike, is a search for treaties with "teeth"--military or economic sanctions to deter and punish violation. The New Sovereignty argues that this approach is misconceived. Cases of coercive enforcement are rare, and sanctions are too costly and difficult to mobilize to be a reliable enforcement tool. As an alternative to this "enforcement" model, the authors propose a "managerial" model of treaty compliance. It relies on the elaboration and application of treaty norms in a continuing dialogue between the parties--international officials and nongovernmental organizations--that generates pressure to resolve problems of noncompliance. In the process, the norms and practices of the regime themselves evolve and develop. The authors take a broad look at treaties in many different areas: arms control, human rights, labor, the environment, monetary policy, and trade. The extraordinary wealth of examples includes the Iran airbus shootdown, Libya's suit against Great Britain and the United States in the Lockerbie case, the war in Bosnia, and Iraq after the Gulf War. The authors conclude that sovereignty--the status of a recognized actor in the international system--requires membership in good standing in the organizations and regimes through which the world manages its common affairs. This requirement turns out to be the major pressure for compliance with treaty obligations. This book will be an invaluable resource and casebook for scholars, policymakers, international public servants, lawyers, and corporate executives.
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Chayes, Abram was born on July 18, 1922 in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Son of Edward and Kitty (Torch) Chayes.
AB magna cum laude, Harvard University, 1943. Bachelor of Laws magna cum laude, Harvard University, 1949. Doctor of Laws (honorary), Syracuse University, 1989.
Legal adviser to Governor of Connecticut, 1949-1951. Associate general counsel President's Materials Policy Commission, 1951. Law clerk to Justice Felix Frankfurter, 1951-1952.
Associate Covington & Burling, Washington, 1952-1955. Assistant professor law Harvard University, 1955-1958, professor, 1965-1993, Felix Frankfurter professor of law emeritus, from 1993. Legal advisory United States Department State, Washington, 1961-1964.
With Ginsburg & Feldman, 1964-1965. Guest scholar Brookings Institute, 1977-1978. Chairman coordinating committee International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation, 1977-1980.
Member foreign policy and defense task force Carter Presidential campaign, 1976, nuclear energy policy study, 1976-1977. Chairman Georgetown University Law Center Institute for Public Representation, since 1979. Visiting scholar Kistiakowsky Visiting Scholar program American Academy Arts and Sciences, 1985-1986.
( In an increasingly complex and interdependent world, s...)
Author: (with others) The International Legal Process, 2 vols, 1968, The Cuban Missiles Crisis: International Crises and the Role of Law, 1974, (with Antonia H. Chayes) The New Sovereignty: Compliance with International Regulatory Agreements, 1995. Note editor and president Harvard University Law Review. Contributor numerous articles to law journals.
Staff director Democratic Platform Committee, 1960. Director foreign policy task forces Democratic campaign, 1972. Trustee World Peace Foundation, 1977.
Advisory board Lawyers Alliance for World Security, since 1982. Vice president Albert Einstein Peace Prize Foundation, since 1980. Captain Field Artillery Army of the United States, 1943-1946.
Fellow American Academy Arts and Sciences. Member United States National Group Permanent Court Arbitration.
Married Antonia Handler, December 24, 1947. Children: Eve, Abigail, Lincoln, Sarah Prudence, Angelica.