Ida Kahn, born Kang Cheng, was a Chinese doctor who, along with Dr. Mary Stone, operated dispensaries and hospitals in China from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century.
Background
Mrs. Kahn was born on December 6, 1873, in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China, the sixth girl in the family. After her parents failed to betroth her, they became convinced by an “unfavorable horoscope” that she was bad luck. Consequently, Kahn's father gave her up for adoption, and his employer, Gertrude Howe, adopted her and renamed her Ida Kahn.
Howe was a member of the Women’s Foreign Missionary Society (WFMS), the women's board of the Methodist Episcopal Church; an organization that Kahn would keep close ties with as she pursued her missionary work.
Aside from her and Mary Stone, Gertrude Howe also adopted three boys.
Education
From a young age, Ida Kahn learned English, and worked as a translator for foreign doctors.
At the age of nineteen, Kahn, along with Mary Stone, was brought to the U.S. to obtain a degree in medicine, which was sponsored by the Methodist Episcopal Church. They started at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Medical School in 1892, and graduated with honors four years later. While there, she also did Christian work with her church.
Mrs. Kahn took a short break from her work in Nanchang, and went back to the United States between 1909 and 1911 to receive a Bachelor’s degree in English literature from Northwestern University. She also pursued postgraduate work in London.
Career
Mrs. Kahn returned to China following her graduation from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor School of Medicine in 1896 and opened a dispensary along with Mary Stone in Jiujiang. After curing the wife of a notable Nanchang official, wealthy women started traveling from Nanchang to Jiujiang just to receive medical consultation from Kahn. In 1904, Ida Kahn saw 6,112 patients, and in 1905 she saw 5,907 patients.
After about four years of successful work, the Boxer Rebellion disrupted her and Mrs. Stone's work in Jiujiang. The persecution of Chinese Christians made it an unsafe environment for them to work in. Though Ida Kahn wanted to stay, it eventually became too dangerous; she then went to Japan to seek refuge.
After returning to China, Mrs. Kahn was called by government officials to open a hospital in Nanchang. The officials gave her the land for the hospital, but would only give her full support for the hospital if she refrained from making it Christian. Ida Kahn refused to bend her faith, and as thus, had to fundraise the funds needed for the hospital on her own. The people of Nanchang, along with the WFMS, eventually contributed to money to get the hospital a rented building. With $10,000 donated by Kahn’s American friends and sponsorship by the Methodist Episcopal Church, Ida Kahn was able to build the Nanchang Women and Children’s Hospital—later renamed the Ida Kahn Hospital in her honor. As a result of the political instability of China during that time period, it was not always peaceful at the hospital; frequently, military officers ran her hospital, and at times, even occupied her home.
By the time she returned to China from Northwestern, the Revolution of 1911 had completely disrupted the existing political order. Mrs. Kahn sheltered some of the most distinguished political officials of the province, proving her status and influence in China. Among those refugees were “the literacy chancellor, the provincial judge, and the family of the provincial salt commissioners, both the retired and the entering men.”
From March 1912, when some stability had come to China, to her death in 1931, Ida Kahn worked in the hospital providing care to patients of all socioeconomic backgrounds. Dr. Kahn had clientele from among the highest families and government circles within China, and counted among her patients the family of the governor. In fact, she used her connections as a doctor to important political figures to develop popular support for the health of women and children within the province.
Mrs. Kahn worked mostly with women and children’s health, and a lot of the medical work and medical training she did centered around that area. Kahn performed many Caesarean sections on her own and often shared stories of dramatic childbirth cases, but she also dealt with other illnesses as well, especially a type of infection known as Carbuncles. Carbuncles were common in those with a weakened immune system, especially those who suffered from malnutrition and occurred most with the Nanchang poor.
Ida Kahn had been actively working out of Nanchang, when she finally relented to the missionaries asking her to visit a sanatorium in Shanghai in late 1931. Mrs. Kahn, at this point, was battling stomach cancer, and died shortly after arriving, on December 9, 1931.
Religion
Due to her adoptive mother’s faith, Kahn grew up Christian, an element that became a defining characteristic of her missionary work.
Views
Her ideals reflect a blending of Western and Eastern cultures: she mixed classic Chinese gender roles with separate “healing spheres” with Western self-reliance to create self-support. Ida Kahn challenged then common views of Chinese women as victims in need of rescue. She sought for China to be a place where its women could serve the nation in a good way.