Background
Jorge de Montemor was born in the village of Montemôr o Velho near Coimbra, Portugal in 1520.
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Jorge de Montemor was born in the village of Montemôr o Velho near Coimbra, Portugal in 1520.
In 1543 he came to Castile as a chapel singer in the service of Princess Maria of Portugal, who had married the future Phillip II, and after his mistress' death in 1545, remained in the service of the Castilian court. Montemayor was killed in Italy in 1561 in a dispute arising from a love affair.
A cancionero or "book of songs" containing Montemayor's sacred and profane verse appeared in Antwerp in 1554. The divine poems, placed on the Index of 1559, are particularly interesting because of their direct inspiration in Biblical poetry.
Montemayor's best-known work, however, was his pastoral novel, the Diana (1559). Based on the characteristically Renaissance pastoral tradition begun in Italy by Sannazaro's Arcadia (1504), the Diana was widely imitated and translated and, in fact, may be said to have touched off the sudden European vogue for the pastoral.
Shakespeare was clearly affected by this book and Sidney's Arcadia undoubtedly transmitted its influence strongly. Divided into seven books of mingled prose and verse, the Diana has an action that is at once intricate and slow. There are constant digressions, appearances of new characters, and narratives within narratives. Each character, whether shepherd or shepherdess, must assert his own sentimental existence, his own autobiography, and the particular attitude toward the central problem of love which he exemplifies. The typical artificial environment of brook, glade, and shadowy slope is an appropriate dreamland for its lyric inhabitants. They are only the typical spokesmen of some self-induced lyric state of being, such as passion, disillusion, or grief, and this state requires a soft, artificial, and self-contained world. Thus the Diana and its landscape are appropriate functions of the state of mind that invented them and in this sense must be considered as important forebears of the European lyric.
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