Background
KASHCHENKO, Vsevolod was born on March 21, 1870.
KASHCHENKO, Vsevolod was born on March 21, 1870.
1891-1894 studied at Medical Faculty, Moscow University. Expelled for involvement in student revol circles and exiled from Moscow. 1897 graduate Medical Faculty, Kiev University.
1908, deprived of right to hold publ office for political "unreliability,” opened a private sanatorium-school for abnormal children. 1918, on the basis of this school, founded a "Child-Study Home” (later Medical Pedagogical Experimental Station), the sections of which subsequently developed into the Experimental Defectological Institute, the Practical and Sei Institute of Special Schools and, in 1943, the Institute of Defectology. 1918 and 1919 organized training courses for defectologists in Moscow.
1920-1924 rector and professor, Moscow Pedagogical Institute of Child Defectiveness. In latter years specialized in logopedics and worked at the Kremlin Polyclinic and the polyclinic of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute. In his treatment of defective children made extensive use of natural physiotherapy (sun, air, water), special diets, occupational therapy, gymnastics and rest.
His training and educational programs were based on the use of methods encouraging a maximum of activity and independence. Stressed the necessity of developing the qualities, vitality and cognitive powers of defective children rather than inculcating quantitative knowledge. Made considerable use of visual aids, manual work and games for instruction purposes.
Emphasized the individual approach to the educational and training of abnormal children on the basis of thorough preliminary analysis of the capabilities of each child. Interpreted the purpose of such educational as consisting in instilling in the defective child a relationship to self and environment which elicits the desire to acquire normal behavior patterns. In late 1930's his writings were criticized for containing idealistic trends.
Was censured for belief that defects are hereditary or "congenital".