The Life and Correspondence of Philip Yorke Earl of Hardwicke, Vol. 3: Lord High of Chancellor of Great Britain (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from The Life and Correspondence of Philip Yorke ...)
Excerpt from The Life and Correspondence of Philip Yorke Earl of Hardwicke, Vol. 3: Lord High of Chancellor of Great Britain
Mr George Grenville closed the debate by reading the 4th Resolution of the Lords and their address to the Queen, drawn by Lord Somers in 17044, and asked what that great Lawyer, Statesman and Freeman would have thought, if the words at the discretion of the judge had been added to that Resolution.
On putting the question for commitment the ayes were very loud and almost universal the noes only 6 or 8. So no division.
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(Miscellaneous State Papers - Vol. I is an unchanged, high...)
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Athenian Letters: Or, the Epistolary Correspondence of an Agent of the King of Persia, Residing at Athens During the Peloponnsian War. Containing the ... of State at the Persian Court. Besides Le
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This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
Catalogue of the manuscripts in the possession of the Earl of Hardwicke
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This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
Miscellaneous State Papers: From 1501-1726, Volume 2
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
Athenian Letters: Or, the Epistolary Correspondence of An Agent of the King of Persia, Residing at Athens During the Peloponnesian War. V. 2
(This historic book may have numerous typos and missing te...)
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated.1798 Excerpt: ... LETTER CLXXVII. Sappho to Oleander . LETTER /EN I own, Cleander, that I have seen thy ode upon the CLXXVH "Attick myrtle, I think myself bound by it to no acknowledgment. Corinna, however, insists upon my writing about it, even though it be to confess a delicacy which she rallies as false and affected. I am too happy, she cries, at any rate, to be the subject cf so exquisite a muse. Forgive me, Cleander; a temper less lively than hers is overcome by the sentiments of the heart, and cannot but be shocked at a praise that so plainly implies discsteem. 'What makes it the worse is, that thy verses are so likely to attain immortality. To be thus misrepresented by some inferior sculptor, had been but a short-lived vexation; but the hand of a Phidias will transmit the error to posterity. Let posterity think as it pleases; for thee, Cle The two letters of Sappho to Cleander are extremely obscure. They relate to some correspondence which had been carried on between him and that lady, in which, however, there was nothing dishonourable, as appears from several expressions in them. In the second, she opens herself with great severity and resentment on the manner in which he talked of the freedom she indulged him; but it is very probable she was not rightly informed of his conduct; since the representation here given of it, is entirely inconsistent with every sentiment and every action, either explained or alluded to in this collection. Something must be allowed to her delicate fense of honour, which might suspect an injury, before almost the approach of it; and it is a presumption in Cleander's favour, that though he frequented very much the house of Aspasia, and, as he declares in Letter cxxxvii, even " courted the company of the fair sex," that these are the only p...
Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, was an English lawyer and politician who served as Lord Chancellor.
He was a close confidant of the Duke of Newcastle, Prime Minister between 1754 and 1756 and 1757 until 1762.
Background
He was a son of Philip Yorke, an attorney, was born at Dover, on the 1st of December 1690.
Through his mother, Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Richard Gibbon of Rolvenden, Kent, he was connected with the family of Gibbon the historian.
Charles Yorke (q. v. ), the second son, became like his father lord chancellor; the third, Joseph, was a diplomatist, and was created Lord Dover; while James, the fifth son, became bishop of Ely.
Hardwicke was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, Philip Yorke (1720 - 1795), 2nd earl of Hardwicke, born on the 19th of March 1720, and educated at Cambridge.
Education
A son of Philip Yorke, an attorney, he was born around 1st of December, 1690 at Dover. At the age of fourteen, after a not very thorough education at a private school at Bethnal Green, where, however, he showed exceptional promise, he entered an attorney's office in London.
Career
In 1715 he was called to the bar, where his progress was, says Lord Campbell, " more rapid than that of any other debutant in the annals of our profession, " his advancement being greatly furthered by the patronage of Macclesfield, who became lord chancellor in 1718, when Yorke transferred his practice from the king's bench to the court of chancery, though he continued to go on the western circuit.
He was excused, on the ground of his personal friendship, from acting for the crown in the.
He resisted Carteret's motion to reduce the army in 1738, and the resolutions hostile to Spain over the affair of Captain Jenkins's ears.
But when Walpole bent before the storm and declared war against Spain, Hardwicke advocated energetic measures for its conduct; and he tried to keep the peace between Newcastle and Walpole.
There is no sufficient ground for Horace Walpole's charge that the fall of Sir Robert was brought about by Hardwicke's treachery.
For many years from this time he was the controlling power in the government.
He took a just view of the crisis, and his policy for meeting it was on the whole statesmanlike.
After Culloden he presided at the trial of the Scottish Jacobite peers, his conduct of which, though judicially impartial, was neither dignified nor generous; and he must be held partly responsible for the unnecessary severity meted out to the rebels, and especially for the cruel, though not illegal, executions on obsolete attainders of Charles Radcliffe and (in 1753) of Archibald Cameron.
On the other hand his legislation in 1748 for disarming the Highlanders and prohibiting the use of the tartan in their dress was vexatious without being effective.
Hardwicke supported Chesterfield's reform of the calendar in 1751; in 1753 his bill for legalizing the naturalization of Jews in England had to be dropped on account of the popular clamour it excited; but he successfully carried a salutary reform of the marriage law, which became the basis of all subsequent legislation on the subject.
On the death of Pelham in 1754 Hardwicke obtained for Newcastle the post of prime minister, and for reward was created earl of Hardwicke and Viscount Royston; and when in November 1756 the weakness of the ministry and the threatening aspect of foreign affairs compelled Newcastle to resign, Hardwicke retired with him.
He played an important and disinterested part in negotiating the coalition between Newcastle and Pitt in 1757, when he accepted a seat in Pitt's cabinet without returning to the woolsack.
After the accession of George III.
Hardwicke opposed the ministry of Lord Bute on the peace with France in 1762, and on the cider tax in the following year.
Although for a lengthy period Hardwicke was an influential minister, he was not a statesman of the first rank.
On the other hand he was one of the greatest judges who ever sat on the English bench.
His decisions have been, and ever will continue to be, appealed to as fixing the limits and establishing the principles of the great juridical system called Equity, which now not only in this country and in our colonies, but over the whole extent of the United States of America, regulates property and personal rights more than the ancient common law.
Hardwicke had prepared himself for this great and enduring service to English jurisprudence by study of the historical foundations of the chancellor's equitable jurisdiction, combined with profound1 Lord Campbell, Lives of the Lord Chancellors, v. 43 (London, 1846).
He was styled Viscount Royston from 1754 till 1764, when he succeeded to the earldom.
He represented Reigate (1831) and Cambridgeshire (1832 - 1834) in the House of Commons; and after succeeding to the earldom in 1834, was appointed a lord in waiting by Sir Robert Peel in 1841.
In 1858 he retired from the active list with the rank of rear-admiral, becoming vice-admiral in the same year, and admiral in 1863.
(Miscellaneous State Papers - Vol. I is an unchanged, high...)
Politics
He was M. P. for- Cambridgeshire, following the Whig traditions of his family. ; but after his succession to the earldom in 1790 he supported Pitt, and took office in 1801 as lord lieutenant of Ireland (1801 - 1806), where he supported Catholic emancipation.
Views
His recorded judgments-which, as Lord Campbell observes, " certainly do come up to every idea we can form of judicial excellence "-combine luminous method of arrangement with elegance and lucidity of language. Nor was the creation of modern English equity Lord Hardwicke's only service to the administration of justice.
Born within two years of the death of Judge Jeffreys his influence was powerful in obliterating the evil traditions of the judicial bench under the Stuart monarchy, and in establishing the modern conception of the duties and demeanour of English judges.
While still at the bar Lord Chesterfield praised his conduct of crown prosecutions as a contrast to the former " bloodhounds of the crown "; and he described Sir Philip Yorke as " naturally humane, moderate and decent. "
On the bench he had complete control over his temper; he was always urbane and decorous and usually dignified.
Membership
He sat in the House of Commons as member for Reigate (1741 - 1747), and afterwards for Cambridgeshire; and he kept notes of the debates which were afterwards embodied in Cobbett's Parliamentary History.
In 1741 he became a fellow of the Royal Society
Personality
His domestic life' was happy and virtuous.
His chief fault was avarice, which perhaps makes it the more creditable that, though a colleague of Walpole, he was never suspected of corruption.
But he had a keen and steady eye to his own advantage, and hd was said to be jealous of all who might become his rivals for power.
His manners, too, were arrogant.
Connections
On 16 May 1719 he married Margaret, daughter of Charles Cocks (by his wife Mary Cocks, sister of Lord Chancellor Somers) and widow of William Lygon (who died without issue in 1716), by whom he had five sons and two daughters.
His eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married Lord Anson; and the second, Margaret, married Sir Gilbert Heathcote.