Prof. (Dr.) Ram Chander Sihag

Background

Prof. (Dr.) Ram Chander Sihag is a distinguished Beekeeping and Crop Pollination Scientist of International reputation. He did his Graduation in Biology, Masters’ degree in Zoology and Doctorate degree in Zoology with specialization in Apiculture/ Environmental Biology. From November 1979 to January 2012, he had been on the faculty of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in different capacities as Assistant Scientist, Honey bees (1979-1988); Associate Professor & Research Leader, Beekeeping (1988- 1995); Professor, Apiculture/ Environmental Biology (1995-2012); Head, Department of Zoology (1997-2000, 2011-12) and Dean, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities (2001-2006). Since 1 February 2012, he has been working as an Independent Researcher and Extension Worker (Bees and Beekeeping).

Education

Prof Sihag received his early education from the village schools. He passed his 5th standard examination from the Government Primary School in his native village Siwani Bolan (Distt. Hisar); his 8th standard examination from the Government Middle School, Gorakhpur (Distt. Hisar) in a village 4 km from his native village; and his 10th standard from the Model High School Nehla (Distt. Hisar) in another village 8 km from his native village.

Career

From November 1979 to January 2012, he had been on the faculty of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in different capacities as Assistant Scientist, Honey bees (1979-1988); Associate Professor & Research Leader, Beekeeping (1988- 1995); Professor, Apiculture/ Environmental Biology (1995-2012); Head, Department of Zoology (1997-2000, 2011-12) and Dean, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities (2001-2006). Since 1 February 2012, he has been working as an Independent Researcher and Extension Worker (Bees and Beekeeping).

Achievements

• Prof. Dr. Ram Chander Sihag stands as a towering figure in the field of apiculture and pollination ecology in India. His remarkable contributions to beekeeping, environmental biology, and agricultural sustainability have not only transformed the beekeeping industry in India but also significantly impacted the nation's agricultural productivity and economic growth. Prof. Sihag dedicated over three decades of his career to advancing scientific research and practical applications in Apiculture at Haryana Agricultural University (HAU), Hisar. His pioneering work in introducing and expanding the use of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) in semi-arid environments, coupled with his extensive research on pollination ecology, has earned him national recognition, including the prestigious Padma Shri award in 2024 for his contributions to Science and Engineering.
  
  Ram Chander Sihag was born in a modest family in Haryana, a region known for its agricultural heritage but also for its challenging semi-arid climate. His early interest in biology led him to pursue higher education at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, one of India's premier institutions for agricultural research. Sihag completed his postgraduate studies and earned a Ph.D. in Zoology, with a specialization in Apiculture. His academic journey was marked by a deep curiosity about the role of pollinators in agriculture and their potential to enhance crop productivity. This focus on Apiculture—the science and practice of beekeeping—set the stage for a career that would revolutionize beekeeping in India and contribute to global knowledge in pollination ecology.
  
  Sihag's professional career at HAU spanned from 1979 to 2012, during which he held several key positions that allowed him to influence both research and policy in apiculture. He began as an Assistant Scientist (1979–1988), where he laid the groundwork for his research on bee biology and pollination. From 1988 to 1995, he served as Associate Professor and Research Leader in Beekeeping, leading innovative projects to adapt beekeeping practices to India's diverse agro-climatic conditions. In 1995, he was appointed Professor of Environmental Biology and Apiculture, a role that enabled him to expand his research into broader ecological interactions.
  
  Sihag also held significant administrative positions, including Head of the Department of Zoology & Aquaculture (1997–2000) and Dean of the College of Basic Sciences & Humanities (2001–2006). These roles allowed him to shape academic curricula, mentor young scientists, and promote interdisciplinary research in environmental and biological sciences. Even after his retirement in 2012, Sihag continued his work as an independent researcher and extension worker, disseminating knowledge and training beekeepers across India.
  
  Contributions to Apiculture in India
  
  One of Sihag's most significant contributions was the introduction and widespread adoption of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) in India, particularly in the semi-arid regions of Haryana. Prior to his efforts, beekeeping in India primarily relied on the native Indian honey bee (Apis cerana), which, while well-adapted to local conditions, had limitations in terms of honey yield and pollination efficiency for certain crops. Recognizing the potential of Apis mellifera—a species known for its high honey production and effective pollination—Sihag conducted extensive research to adapt this species to India's challenging climatic conditions.
  
  His work involved developing techniques for colony management, disease control, and hive maintenance suited to semi-arid environments. By addressing challenges such as extreme temperatures and limited forage availability, Sihag made it possible for Apis mellifera to thrive in regions previously considered unsuitable for this species. His efforts led to a dramatic increase in bee colonies, from approximately 5,000 in 1980 to 4 million by 2023. This expansion has had far-reaching impacts on Indian agriculture, supporting pollination for 2.5 million hectares of crops and producing 160,000 metric tons of honey annually.
  
  The growth of beekeeping under Sihag's guidance has had profound economic and social benefits. The beekeeping industry now employs approximately 200,000 people, many of whom are small-scale farmers and rural entrepreneurs. By providing training and extension services, Sihag empowered communities to adopt beekeeping as a sustainable livelihood option. The industry's contribution to India's GDP is estimated at 3,000 billion rupees, reflecting its role in enhancing agricultural productivity through pollination and generating income through honey and other bee products.
  
  Sihag's work also promoted gender inclusivity and rural development. Beekeeping, as a low-investment and skill-based activity, has provided opportunities for women and marginalized communities to participate in the agricultural economy. His extension programs emphasized practical training, ensuring that beekeepers could adopt modern techniques while respecting local traditions and resources.
  
  Beyond beekeeping, Sihag's research in pollination ecology has advanced scientific understanding of insect-plant interactions. His studies focused on the role of pollinators, particularly Apis mellifera and native bee species, in enhancing crop productivity. By examining pollinator behavior, foraging patterns, and their impact on crop yields, Sihag provided critical insights into optimizing pollination for crops such as many fodder, pulse, oilseed, vegetable, spice and fruit crops. His work highlighted the importance of maintaining diverse pollinator populations to ensure food security and agricultural sustainability.
  
  Sihag's research portfolio extends beyond Apiculture to include environmental biology, vermiculture, and probiotics. With over 190 publications and 1,920 citations, his work has been widely recognized in academic circles. His studies on the ecological roles of native pollinators and their interactions with introduced species like Apis mellifera have informed conservation strategies and agricultural practices in India and beyond.
  
  In recognition of his transformative contributions, Prof. Dr. Ram Chander Sihag was honored with the Padma Shri award in 2024, one of India's highest civilian honors, in the category of Science and Engineering. This accolade reflects his role as a pioneer in apiculture and his impact on Indian agriculture. Sihag's work has also been acknowledged through various academic and professional honors, though the Padma Shri remains the pinnacle of his achievements, underscoring his service to science and society.
  
  Other awards and recognition of Prof. Sihag include:
  
  i) Highly prestigious “Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Memorial Prize (1980-82)” from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi for his outstanding research works on Agricultural Entomology.
  
  ii) “Group Award-cum-Certificate of Appreciation (1993)” from the United States Department of Agriculture (USA) for his research work on Conservation and Management of Some Solitary Bees for Improved Crop Production Efficiency.
  
  iii) “Scroll of Honour (2005)” in the ‘International Conference on Plant Sciences' at Amravati (India) for his research work on the Conservation of Pollinators.
  
  iv) “Life Time Achievement Award (2007)” for Conservation of Biodiversity and Environment from the Environment Society of India, Chandigarh.
  
  v) “E.P.Odum Memorial Award (2008) for Conservation of Environment“ from the Educational, Cultural and Social Welfare Society of India, Hisar.
  
  vi) Ambedkar Fellowship Award (1998) for his distinguished social services.
  
  vii) Elected Fellow of the highly prestigious “Royal Entomological Society, London” in 1997.
  
  viii) Editor-in-Chief: Journal of Entomology, Academic Journals Inc. USA (since 2016).
  
  ix) Editor: Indian Bee Journal (1990-1994) ; Editor: Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, Academic Journals (since 2018).
  
  x) Regional Editor: 1. International Journal of Zoological Research, USA (since 2012); 2. International Journal of Agricultural Research, USA (since 2016); 3. Journal of Entomology, USA (2012-2015); 4. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, USA (since 2012); 5. Journal of Applied Sciences, USA (2012-14); 6. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, USA (since 2012);
  
  xi) Technical Editor: International Journal of Botany, USA (2014-2015).
  
  xii) Associate Editor:1. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, Academic Journals (since 2009); 2. Research Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Management, South Africa (since 2012); 3. Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, India (since 2015).
  
  Even after retiring from HAU, Sihag remains an active figure in Apiculture and environmental research. His independent research and extension activities focus on training the next generation of beekeepers and promoting sustainable practices. He continues to advocate for the integration of pollination management into agricultural policy, emphasizing the need to protect pollinator habitats in the face of climate change and habitat loss.
  
  Sihag's legacy is evident in the thriving beekeeping industry in India, the economic empowerment of rural communities, and the scientific advancements in pollination ecology. His works serve as a model for how scientific research can be translated into practical solutions that benefit both people and the environment. Prof. Sihag's contributions to apiculture and pollination ecology have left an indelible mark on Indian agriculture and environmental science. Through his pioneering work in introducing Apis mellifera to semi-arid regions, and expanding the beekeeping industry, Sihag has transformed the lives of countless farmers and strengthened India's agricultural economy. His dedication to research, education, and extension services exemplifies the role of a scientist as a catalyst for societal progress.
  
  

Works

• book

  • Publication of Prof (Dr) R C Sihag

    (Book on Fisheries 1. Jain, K. L., Yadav, N. K., Gahlaw...)

• Book Chapter

  • Publication of Prof (Dr) R C Sihag

    (Book Chapter on Fisheries 1. Gahlawat, S.K., Gupta, R....)

• Book Chapters

  • Publications of Prof (Dr) R C Sihag

    ((ii) Book Chapters 1. Sihag, R.C. 1985 a. Floral biolo...)

  • Publications of Prof (Dr) R C Sihag

    (D. Publications on Mammals : 1. Gahlawat, S.K., Gupta, R...)

• books

  • Publications of Prof(Dr) R C Sihag

    (1. Mishra, R.C. & Sihag, R.C. 1987. Apicultural Research ...)

• research

  • Publications of R. C. Sihag

    (56. Sihag, R.C. & Kaur, G. 1994. Colony foraging: An over...)

  • Publications of Prof (Dr) R C Sihag,

    (96. Sihag, R.C. & Wadhwa, N. 2011 Floral and reproductive...)

  • Publications of Prof. (Dr.) R. C. Sihag

    (A. Publications on Apiculture / Crop Pollination Ecology ...)

  • Publications of Prof (Dr) R C Sihag

    (B. Publications on Vermiculture 1. Singh, M. & Sihag, R....)

  • Publications of Prof (Dr) R. C. Sihag

    (C. Publications on Fisheries / Fish Pathology / Aquacultu...)

• Other Work

  • Publication of Prof (Dr) R C Sihag

    (Publications in the refereed Conference Proceedings 1....)

Religion

Respect for all religions

Politics

Uniform civil code: Equal opportunity to all,

Views

I feel concerned about all the following issues::

1. Why not nuclear disarmament?

2. Why struggle among Nations for the territories?

3. Why international disputes, why not dialogues?

4. Why not seriousness for international peace?

5. Why trade disparity among Nations?

6. Why not global food security?

7. Why little care for the conservation of resources?

8. Why delay in mitigating the Climate change and loss of biodiversity?

9. Why humanity has taken back seat in the civilized society?

10.Why not education for all?

11. Why not religious tolerance?

Quotations: 1. Live and let live.

2. Service of mankind is the best worship of God.

3. help the needy.

4.don't feel troubled unless trouble troubles you.

4. Always keep calm, don't lose your patience; bad time will pass soon.

5. There is always a silver lining on every black cloud.

6. Work hard, success will come.

Membership

Fellow: Royal Entomological Society (London)

Chairperson : Pollination Section of Asian Apicultural Association (Japan) from 1992-2008.

Member : Associations/Societies

i) Member: Board of Management, All Indian Beekeepers’ Association (1990- 2004).

ii) Member Executive Committee: International Union for the Study of Social Insects - Indian Chapter (1990-94).

iii)Member: Asian Council of Science Editors.



Member : Web-Networks

i) Green peace Network

ii) National Geographic Society Network

iii) The Nature Conservancy Network

iv) Defenders of Wildlife Network

v) Defenders of Wildlife Action Fund Network

vi) National Wildlife Federation Network

vii) World Wildlife Fund Network

viii) Rainforest Action Network

ix) Elephant Lovers Group Network

x) Help the Honeybees Network

xi) Invertebrate Pollinator Network of South Asia (IPNSA),

xii) The invertebrate network of ZOO/CBSG.

Personality

Always Cheerful and Happy,

Ever-smiling,

Self-contended,

Self-confident,

Enthusiastic,

Hardworking and Laborious, and

Target Oriented person.

Physical Characteristics: Height = 5' 8'';

Weight = 68 kg;

complexion = Whitish

Physique = Smart and Dashing Personality.

Quotes from others about the person

• 1.Mild and calm person.
  
  2. Does not lose his tempers under all odd circumstances.
  
  3. Amiable temperament.
  
  4. Friendly relations with all.

Interests

• Reading newspapers, and Science Journals and magazines.

• Philosophers & Thinkers

  Socretes

• Politicians

  Gandhi

• Writers

  Rabinder Nath Tagore,
  
  Leo Tolstoy

• Artists

  Dharmender

• Sport & Clubs

  Hockey, Football

• Athletes

  Milkha Singh

• Music & Bands

  Indian

Connections

Wife: Nirmala (Boora) Sihag,

Son: Ravi Parkash Sihag;

Daughter-in-Law: Meenakshi (Lamba) Sihag,

Grand son: Jay Vardhan Sihag;

Grand son: Yash Vardhan Sihag.

Father:

Sudhan Ram Sihag

A self-respecting person who loved hard work. He toiled in fields for the comforts of his progenies.

Mother:

Birjo Devi Sihag

She is a a very calm, soft- speaking, contended and ever happy person who always showers love, affection and blessings on her progeny.

References

• R. C. Sihag Pollination Biology: Environmental Factors and Pollination. Rajendra Scientific Publishers, Hisar, (1995), 195 p.
  1995
• R. C. Sihag Pollination Biology: Pollination, Plant Reproduction and Crop Seed Production. Rajendra Scientific Publishers, (1995), Hisar, 210 p.
  1995
• R. C. Sihag Pollination Biology: Basic and Applied Principles. Rajendra Scientific Publishers, Hisar, (1997), 215 p.
  1997
• R. C. Mishra, and R. C. Sihag Apicultural Research in India. An AICRP (Honeybees) Publication, Haryana Agricultural University Press, Hisar, (1987), 120 p.
  1987