Background
The eldest son of Charles Jenkinson, Robert Jenkinson was born in London on June 7, 1770.
(Excerpt from The Speech of the Earl of Liverpool, in the ...)
Excerpt from The Speech of the Earl of Liverpool, in the House of Lords 1820, on a Motion of the Marquis of Lansdown, That a Select Committee by Appointed to Inquire Into the Means of Extending and Securing the Foreign Trade of the Country The first point then to which I wish to draw your Lordships' attention, is the state of our internal cornaizcrce. It is material to consider whether the distressed state of that commerce has grown out of any diminution in our internal consumption, or has arisen from circumstances connected with our foreign trade. I trust, that I shall very shortly be able to satisfy the House, that there is no ground for believing that any part of the distress which pervades our in. Ternal commerce, has arisen from a reduction in the use of any of the great articles of consumption. I know but of one of those articles, the consumption of which has been materially reduced,-i mean that of Wine: I have taken some pains to ascertain the actual and the comparative state of our home consumption; and'in doing so, I have thought it better to look at the amount. In quantity, rather than in value; the value being liable; from taxation and other causes, to ?uctuate; f while the quantity is a'sure'r criterion, for' determining the increase or the decrease of consumption. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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( This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923....)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ The Life And Administration Of Robert Banks, Second Earl Of Liverpool, K. G. ...: In 3 Vol, Volume 2; The Life And Administration Of Robert Banks, Second Earl Of Liverpool, K. G. ...: In 3 Vol; Charles Duke Yonge Robert Banks Jenkinson Liverpool Charles Duke Yonge Macmillan, 1868
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( This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923....)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ The Speech Of ... The Earl Of Liverpool In The House Of Lords, On ... 26th Of May, 1820, On A Notion Of The Marquis Of Lansdown, 'that A Select Committee Be Appointed To Inquire Into The Means Of Extending ... The Foreign Trade Of The Country'. With An Appendix Containing The Official Accounts ... 4 Robert Banks Jenkinson (2nd earl of Liverpool.)
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(Excerpt from Reflections on the Present State of the Reso...)
Excerpt from Reflections on the Present State of the Resources of the Country At the end of the American war, this country was reduced to fuch a {late of dif trefs, as to give ground for defpondency to the moi't firm and vigorous minds. In the pro fecution of that contef't we had loft a very confiderable-part of our dominions, we had incurred a debt of one hundred millions. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from The Speech of the Right Hon. The Earl of Liv...)
Excerpt from The Speech of the Right Hon. The Earl of Liverpool, in the House of Lords, on Friday, the 26th of May, 1820: On a Motion of the Marquis of Lansdown, "That a Select Committee Be Appointed to Inquire Into the Means of Extending and Securing the Foreign Trade of the Country" I rise to address your Lordships with peculiar satisfaction, after the very able and candid speech of the nohle Marquis 'wholhes'just sat down; - a speech which I may say I have heard with the greatest pleasure. Agreeing as 'i' do in the general'princnples which have been laidg'down by the noblelmarquis, and in most of the poilits to which he has applied those principles, I feel no inclination to oppose the motion, although I certainly do not admit, in an equal degree with the noble Marquis, the importance of some of the measures 'which he has recommended to your Lordships' consideration. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from The United Kingdom Tributary to France; The ...)
Excerpt from The United Kingdom Tributary to France; The Real Cause of the Distresses of the Country: Demonstrated in a Letter to the Right Hon. The Earl of Liverpool, First Lord of the Treasury I will endeavour to prove that these causes, jointly, or separately, are not sufficient to account for the great stagnation and poverty which cover the face of the land and first I will show that it is not a redundant Population. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from The Speech of the Right Hon. The Earl of Liv...)
Excerpt from The Speech of the Right Hon. The Earl of Liverpool, in the House of Lords, on Friday, the 26th of May, 1820: On a Motion of the Marquis of Lansdown, "That a Select Committee Be Appointed to Inquire Into the Means of Extending and Securing the Foreign Trade of the Country" I rise to address your Lordships with peculiar satisfaction, after the very able and candid speech of the nohle Marquis 'wholhes'just sat down; - a speech which I may say I have heard with the greatest pleasure. Agreeing as 'i' do in the general'princnples which have been laidg'down by the noblelmarquis, and in most of the poilits to which he has applied those principles, I feel no inclination to oppose the motion, although I certainly do not admit, in an equal degree with the noble Marquis, the importance of some of the measures 'which he has recommended to your Lordships' consideration. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Reflections On The Present State Of The Resources Of The Country Robert Banks Jenkinson Liverpool (Earl of) printed for John Stockdale, 1796 Business & Economics; Public Finance; Business & Economics / Public Finance
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(This historic book may have numerous typos and missing te...)
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1822. Excerpt: ... taxes, the removal of which could by no possibility transfer to the farmer antl landlord one-fiftieth portion of what the Government would lose; and which, in every possible view of them, are taxes upon consumption, and not produce. To say all in a word, of the fifty-six millions, raised annually in taxation, about eleven millions, or one-fifth only, has any possible connexion with the land as to its subject matter; and, in all the articles of that eleventh (excepting only the 1,400,000/. of the land-tax). the agricultural produce concerned is the occasion only, and not the subject matter of the tax; or, in other words, the tax is on the consumption and the consumer. If these taxes were removed (assuming, for an instant, that they could be removed), the same amount must be raised from the consumer by other means; and as the same sum would thus be subtracted from the general capital, or income, of the consuming classes, the same amount only would remain to be expended in agricultural produce. In the " State of the Nation," the laborious author of that pamphlet has a passage which bears directly upon this part of the argument. He is comparing the value of our colonial trade with the produce of agriculture, as regards revenue:--"It is very far from our purpose (he says) to depreciate, for a single moment, the due estimation of our landed interest, or to detract from the assertion of the agriculturists, that the land is the main, if not the almost sole supply of the wealth and revenue of the empire. This allegation is true, if the landed possessions of our colonies be comprehended in the argument; but, it is not true, if our colonial possessions be omitted. In one article only, our sugar duties, the revenue received from the colonies surpasses the revenue rec...
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The eldest son of Charles Jenkinson, Robert Jenkinson was born in London on June 7, 1770.
He received a superb education, first at Charterhouse and then at Christ Church, Oxford.
Interested in history and foreign languages, Robert proved adept at debate, and it was through this talent that he won the notice and ultimately the friendship of his fellow student George Canning.
After leaving Oxford, Jenkinson traveled to the Continent. At the age of 20 he was suddenly catapulted into public life by being chosen a member of Parliament for the borough of Appleby. When he was asked by William Pitt to defend an unpopular government measure, his brilliant speech won the approval of the entire House of Commons.
He was appointed to the India Board in 1793 and during this time he was aided in his public and private affairs by Canning, who was also a rising young politician, and the two men seemed to make a most effective team.
In 1796 Jenkinson's father, who had been given a barony 10 years earlier, was raised to the earldom of Liverpool. The son thus received the title of the barony, Hawkesbury, as a courtesy; more important was the son's promotion to the lucrative and influential post of master of the mint. He served as Master of the Mint from 1799 to 1801.
Hawkesbury supported most of Pitt's policies. When the Prime Minister sought to relieve Roman Catholics from some of the legal disabilities they labored under, he was forced to resign by King George III. But Hawkesbury had broken with Pitt over the Catholic issue, and he was willing to serve under Henry Addington, the new prime minister. Liverpool's chief foreign assignment was of course the winning of the war-which by now had become two wars, one against the French and the other against the new United States.
At the age of 31 Hawkesbury was made foreign secretary and a member of the Cabinet. Almost his first task was to negotiate peace with the French. The resultant Treaty of Amiens seemed to make too many concessions to the French, now led by Napoleon Bonaparte, and the government was severely censured by the opposition. Hawkesbury ably defended his actions in Parliament.
In 1803 he was created Baron Hawkesbury and immediately became the government's principal speaker in the House of Lords. The next year Pitt returned to office, and Hawkesbury was moved to the home secretaryship, while keeping his leadership in the Lords. When Pitt died at the end of 1805, Hawkesbury was asked by George III to form a new ministry, but he declined and became the leader of the Tory opposition.
The Whig ministry fell in 1807 and the Tories returned to power under the nominal leadership of the Duke of Portland; Hawkesbury, Canning, Lord Castlereagh, and Spencer Perceval directed matters. Canning and Castlereagh, however, quarreled and then dueled, and Portland's health gave way and he resigned from office.
Therefore Hawkesbury, who succeeded to his father's title upon the earl's death in 1808, and Perceval formed a government, which in the face of formidable (and irresponsible) opposition carried on the war against Napoleon and the administration of the country until Perceval was assassinated by a madman in 1812.
Prime Minister Among the domestic tasks facing Liverpool had been the setting up of a regency under Prince George. His close ties with the regent (the old king having gone mad for the last time in 1810) led him to be asked once more to form a ministry.
His first 3 years in office saw the one against Napoleon won (twice) and the one against the United States brought to a successful conclusion. The coming of peace served to focus discontent on Britain's economic and social problems, and for the last dozen years of his public life, Liverpool would be forced to contend most fiercely in this area. The principal issues were free trade as opposed to protectionism, taxation, public order, and Catholic emancipation.
Liverpool made no concession to civil unrest; after the suppression of a gathering at "Peterloo, " in 1819, he introduced the harsh measures known as the Six Acts into Parliament, where they were adopted by an overwhelming majority. When the Irish grew more unruly than usual in 1822, he not only opposed Canning's Catholic Relief Bill but suspended habeas corpus in Ireland and renewed the stringent Insurrection Bill; for the time, at least, these measures seemed to work.
The Prime Minister was much more "liberal" regarding questions of foreign policy. He supported Castlereagh in dealing with the reactionary powers of Europe and with the newly created South American nations. After Castlereagh's suicide, Liverpool strongly urged George IV to appoint Canning to his position as foreign secretary.
From 1822 on Liverpool gave his full support to Canning's policies. Liverpool was also a "liberal" in economic policy. He favored free trade and advanced the cause of the "free traders" by securing William Huskisson's appointment as member of the Board of Trade in 1822. Though he did not succeed in abolishing the Corn Laws, which limited the amount of grain which could be imported into Britain, he did introduce a sliding scale which enabled the government to act at its discretion to remove inequities.
Early in 1827 Liverpool suffered a paralytic stroke. He left the political arena and died on December 4, 1828.
(Excerpt from The Speech of the Earl of Liverpool, in the ...)
(Excerpt from Reflections on the Present State of the Reso...)
(Excerpt from The United Kingdom Tributary to France; The ...)
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(This historic book may have numerous typos and missing te...)
( This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923....)
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(Excerpt from The Speech of the Right Hon. The Earl of Liv...)
(Excerpt from The Speech of the Right Hon. The Earl of Liv...)
(Lang:- English, Pages 57. Reprinted in 2013 with the help...)
During the 19th century, and, in particular, during Liverpool's time in office, Catholic emancipation was a source of great conflict. In 1805, in his first important statement of his views on the subject, Liverpool had argued that the special relationship of the monarch with the Church of England, and the refusal of Roman Catholics to take the oath of supremacy, justified their exclusion from political power. Throughout his career, he remained opposed to the idea of Catholic emancipation, though did see marginal concessions as important to the stability of the nation.
When Pitt died at the end of 1805, Hawkesbury was asked by George III to form a new ministry, but he declined and became the leader of the Tory opposition.
His greatest talent seemingly lay in his ability to survive; his survival appeared to rest on his ability to reconcile men of differing opinions. In the last analysis Liverpool possessed this power because his own views did not follow any hard ideological line but differed considerably on each major problem confronting him.
Quotes from others about the person
John Derry says he was:
"A capable and intelligent statesman, whose skill in building up his party, leading the country to victory in the war against Napoleon, and laying the foundations for prosperity outweighed his unpopularity in the immediate post-Waterloo years. "
In 1795 he married Lady Louisa, daughter of the Earl of Bristol. Liverpool's first wife, Louisa, died at 54. He soon married again, on 24 September 1822, to Lady Mary Chester, a long-time friend of Louisa. Their marriage only lasted seven years however, until Liverpool's death. Liverpool finally retired on 9 April 1827, after, at Fife House (his riverside residence in Whitehall since 1810), suffering a severe cerebral haemorrhage on 17 February, and asked the King to seek a successor.