Background
Robert Yewdall Jennings was born on October 19, 1913, at Idle in the Yorkshire district of England.
Robert Yewdall Jennings was born on October 19, 1913, at Idle in the Yorkshire district of England.
Attending Belle Vue grammar school in Bradford, he impressed his teachers sufficiently to be accepted to Downing College at Cambridge University, where he received both an M. A. and an LL. B. degree. Determined upon a legal career, he went on to advanced studies in the United States. Chosen as a Joseph Hodges Choate fellow from 1936 to 1937, he attended Harvard Law School, but returned to England when given an appointment as assistant lecturer in law at the London School of Economics.
Prospects for academic contemplation were disrupted, however, by the outbreak of war in Europe. Jennings saw military service in the British Army through World War II, being a member of the Intelligence Corps from 1940 to 1946. Even so, this did not prevent him from being called to the Bar of Lincoln's Inn in 1943. Once demobilized, he promptly resumed his teaching duties at the London School of Economics, where he was a lecturer until 1955. At the age of 42 his career took a major step forward with the appointment as professor of international law at Cambridge University, which continued until 1981, when he was chosen to be a justice on the 15-member International Court of Justice, after winning approval of both the United Nations' General Assembly and Security Council. During those interim years Jennings earned a reputation for scholarship and legal acumen. While at Cambridge he also doubled as a reader in international law to the Inns of Court Council of Legal Education (1959 - 1970), and over the course of several decades was a fellow (beginning 1939), senior tutor (1949 - 1955), honorary fellow (1982), and sometime president of Jesus College, Cambridge.
Sir Robert Jennings' list of earlier professional accomplishments included being legal consultant at various times to a number of governments, among them Argentina, Bangladesh, Brunei, Canada, Sharjah (part of the United Arab Emirates), Sudan, and Venezuela. In this capacity he was involved in several landmark international legal cases as counsel in the Rio Ecuentro, Begal Channel, Franco-British Continental Shelf Delimitation, and Dubai-Sharjah Frontier Delimitation arbitrations; and he appeared as counsel before the International Court of Justice (I. C. J. ) in the Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) case. Prior to his appointment to the I. C. J. itself, Sir Robert had been judge ad hoc on the European Court of Human Rights in X vs. United Kingdom (1982); after 1982 he was also a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
This familiarity with both the institutions and codes of international law was further enriched by Jennings' diverse professional work. For example, he authored various books, articles, and monographs that were circulated within the international community of legal scholars. As recently as 1995, he published an article in the American Journal of International Law to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the I. C. J. In addition, as early as 1967, he visited The Hague, where he gave the general course on principles of international law at the Academy of International Law. Justice Jennings had a long affiliation with the Institute of International Law, advancing from associate (1957) to member (1967), vice-president (1979), president (1981), and honorary member (1985). He was also an honorary life member of the American Society of International Law. In addition, at one time he was public international law editor (1957 - 1959) of the International and Comparative Law Quarterly, going from there to the British Year Book of International Law, first as co-editor in 1959 and then as senior editor from 1974 to 1982. His two principal book publications were The Acquisition of Territory (1963) and a textbook, General Course on International Law (1967). Retirement Though Jennings' term on the I. C. J. would not expire until February 5, 2000, the judge announced his retirement in 1995 when he was 81 years old. He was replaced by Rosalyn Higgins of Britain, who was the first woman to be elected to the World Court. Despite his retirement, Jennings continued to play an active role in international legal matters. In January of 1997, he headed an arbitration panel to settle a territorial dispute between Yemem and Eritrea.
American Society of International Law
He married Christine Bennett, had one son and two daughters and 9 grandchildren.
