Background
He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the only son and one of two children of the Rev. John B. and Helen (Butler) Falkner. His father, a native of England, was rector of Christ Episcopal Church in Bridgeport.
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He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the only son and one of two children of the Rev. John B. and Helen (Butler) Falkner. His father, a native of England, was rector of Christ Episcopal Church in Bridgeport.
The family moved in 1869 to Philadelphia, where young Falkner received his early education in the public schools.
After graduating from the Philadelphia Central High School, he entered the Wharton School of Finance and Economy (later the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce) of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he received the degree of Ph. B.
He then, like so many other promising young American scholars, went to Germany, where he studied political economy and philosophy at the universities of Berlin and Halle, receiving the Ph. D. degree from the latter institution in 1888 at the age of twenty-two.
He also spent three months studying at the College de France in Paris.
While there he surveyed the schools offering courses in higher commercial education, and during the summer session of 1888 he studied German commercial law at the University of Leipzig.
In 1891, while on leave from the University of Pennsylvania, Falkner served as statistician of the subcommittee of the Senate Finance Committee which investigated the course of prices and wages in the United States.
In the fall of 1888 Falkner joined the staff of the Wharton School as instructor in accounting and statistics. He became associate professor of statistics in 1891--probably the first American of professorial rank to devote full time to teaching statistics.
Meanwhile he had translated Prof. August Meitzen's famous Geschichte, Theorie, und Technik der Statistik (1886), which was published under the title History, Theory, and Technique of Statistics in 1891.
This 243-page translation filled an important need by providing a textbook for the colleges and universities which were at this time beginning to offer statistical instruction. In 1891, while on leave from the University of Pennsylvania, Falkner served as statistician of the subcommittee of the Senate Finance Committee which investigated the course of prices and wages in the United States.
The results of this great investigation, known as the "Aldrich Reports, " were published in two parts: "Retail Prices and Wages" (52 Cong. , 1 Sess. , Senate Report, No. 986, 3 vols. , 1892) and "Wholesale Prices, Wages, and Transportation" (52 Cong. , 2 Sess. , Senate Report, No. 1394, 4 vols. , 1893).
One of the most exhaustive examinations ever made of the history of prices in the United States, involving the collection of prices as far back as 1840, the investigation revealed for the first time the nature and extent of the long-term decline in the purchasing power of the dollar in the period following the Civil War.
It also served as a basis for the compilation of a wholesale-price index number for the years 1860-1891, an important milestone along the road leading to systematic measurement of the relevant variables in the American economy.
Several years later the federal Department of Labor, which had collected the basic data Falkner used, commissioned Falkner to bring this Senate Committee index up to date, and it was published in 1900 in the Department's Bulletin No. 27. The "Falkner Index" served as a basis for the later construction of the widelyused Bureau of Labor Statistics index of wholesale prices.
From 1904 to 1907 he was commissioner of education of Puerto Rico; from 1908 to 1911 statistician in charge of school inquiries for the United States Immigration Commission; and in 1911-12 assistant director of the federal census.
His efforts had earlier contributed to the establishment of a permanent Bureau of the Census in 1902.
In 1915 Falkner became associated with the Alexander Hamilton Institute, a correspondence school in the field of business administration and one of the first organizations to provide business men with statistical reports, serving as editor of its publications, 1915-23, and director of research, 1923-26.
He died in New York City after an illness of six months and was buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia.
Falkner served as secretary of the American delegation to the International Monetary Conference at Brussels in 1892, called by the United States to explore the possibilities of an international agreement fixing the relationship between the values of gold and silver. Two years later he was honored by election to the International Institute of Statistics, limited in its membership to 200 persons. In Philadelphia he played an important part in the early history of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, founded in 1889 by Edmund J. James. Falkner was its first secretary (1889 - 96) and then vice-president (1896 - 98), and he served under James as associate editor of its Annals (1890 - 95), succeeding him as editor, 1895-1900. Falkner thus helped to set the standards of one of the early scholarly journals in the United States. Falkner's later career was divided between government and private service. He left the University of Pennsylvania in 1900 to become chief of the division of documents at the Library of Congress in Washington.
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From 1926 until his death he was a member of the research staff of the National Industrial Conference Board, a non-profit organization sponsored by business and financial corporations to study "social and economic facts relating to and affecting industry. . "
In 1920 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.
A keen analyst with an excellent gift for expression, Falkner was calm and dispassionate in manner.
On April 14, 1898, he married Agnes I. Hamilton of Philadelphia, by whom he had four children: Charles Hamilton, Elizabeth Helen, Helen Butler, and Francis Howard.