Background
Roland Thaxter was born in Newtonville, Massachusetts, 1858, the third and youngest child in the family. His parents were Levi Thaxter and Celia Thaxter.
(Excerpt from The Entomophthoreae of the United States Th...)
Excerpt from The Entomophthoreae of the United States The plants that are to be considered in the present paper belong to a class which, al though made up of several groups differing widely from one another in their habit and affinities, is yet, by reason of a peculiarity common to all its members, possessed of a certain individuality of its own that renders it susceptible of a consideration apart from all other forms of plant life. This peculiarity, by reason of which the class is usually characterized as entomogenous or entomophytous, consists in an obligatory parasitism upon insects, which, although in some instances it exists without apparent injury to the insect host, is usually of such a nature as to cause its death; often resulting, especially among noxious insects, in widespread mortality. Although a few of the more common or conspicuous forms of entomophytous plants had attracted the notice of botanists even in the last century, it was not until within comparatively recent years that they began to be studied with any care, and the work of Robin1 is the first contribution of importance 011 the subject. This work still remains, with two exceptions,2 the only attempt that has been made to bring together all the known forms of insect parasites; but since its publication very important contributions have been made to our knowledge of the subject, through the medium of numerous scattered papers. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from Contribution Toward a Monograph of the Labou...)
Excerpt from Contribution Toward a Monograph of the Laboulbeniaceae, Vol. 1 IN the fourth volume of the Memoirs Of the Boston Society of Natural History (no. VI, April, the writer published an account of the American forms belong ing to'the family of entoniophthoreaa, with notes on all the species then known, which was intended to form the first of a series designed to include all the American fungi parasitic on insects. The subject was suggested to me by Professor Farlow, while I was a student in his laboratory, as one promising data of sufficient interest to furnish material for a doctor's thesis. The Entomophthoreae, however, having proved ade quate in themselves to fulfil this requirement, the remaining entomogenous forms were laid aside in the hope that, at some future time, the original plan of a complete monograph might be carried out. In the paper just mentioned, a brief summary was given of all the fungi characterized by this peculiar parasitism; and, in addition to the family of entomophthoreae, several groups were in a general way distinguished. Of these one comprises the entophytic and probably cornmensalist Schizomycetes rep resented by the genus Enterobrus and its allies, to which might be added certain lower forms of the same order supposed to give rise to contagious diseases among insects; a second includes the perfect and imperfect or isarial conditions of the entomogenous Species of the genus Cordyceps and its allies while a third embraces all the members of the then small and little known family of Laboulbeniaceae. To these should be added a few miscellaneous forms parasitic on insects; and perhaps, also, such fungi as are found in nature only on the remains or excreta of certain insects. The last, how ever, since they are saprophytic, cannot be called entomogenous in the more strict sense of the term. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
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(Excerpt from Contribution Toward a Monograph of the Labou...)
Excerpt from Contribution Toward a Monograph of the Laboulbeniaceae, Vol. 2 J. H. Faull in Science, N. S. XXIII, pp. 13-4 and 152, 1906, publishes a preliminary note on the Ascus and Spore-formation in Laboulbeniaceae, in which he states that these processes agree in all essentials with those which occur in other typical Ascomycetes. Lastly six preliminary descriptive papers have been published by the writer in the Proceedings of this Academy and were issued in December 1889, April 1900, March and June 1901, June 1902, and July 1905 respectively. Other contributions, if such exist, have not been brought to my attention. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Botanist entomologist mycologist
Roland Thaxter was born in Newtonville, Massachusetts, 1858, the third and youngest child in the family. His parents were Levi Thaxter and Celia Thaxter.
He attended the Boston Latin School, the private school of Joshua Kendall in Cambridge, and was graduated from Harvard in 1882 with A. B. degree, magna cum laude. Although interested chiefly in botany and entomology, he started work at the Harvard Medical School in 1883, but after one year, through receiving the Harris fellowship, he was enabled to enter the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, where he concentrated on cryptogamic botany under William G. Farlow, published the first of his famous mycologic papers, and received in 1888 the degrees of M. A. and Ph. D.
Thaxter's first position, as mycologist at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, led him into the practical field of mycology in relation to agriculture and, although he was primarily interested in pure research, his contributions to plant pathology were numerous and valuable. In 1891, he returned to Harvard as assistant professor of cryptogamic botany under Professor Farlow; in 1896 he assumed the full responsibilities of teaching and research in this field; in 1901 he was made full professor; and in 1919, at his own request, he was retired from active academic work, became professor emeritus, and devoted himself to his own research and to the administration as honorary curator of the Farlow Herbarium and Library.
During his forty years of teaching, nearly one thousand students passed through his courses or worked under his guidance toward higher degrees. A thorough and exacting teacher, his training left a lasting impression even upon men who went no further in scientific fields. By transmitting his knowledge, ideals, and methods to a large number of younger men, he developed, in a sense, a school which has contributed notably to the progress of botany.
It is for his research, however, that he is renowned. His greatest work is his Contribution Towards a Monograph of the Laboulbeniaceae, which appeared as Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (5 volumes, 1896 - 1931), and stands out as one of the greatest single pieces of work in the whole field of mycology. Had he never published another paper this monograph would have gained him preeminence. Yet in addition, in more than eighty papers, shorter but of similar excellence, he added notably to our knowledge of the structure, development, and relationship of each of the major groups of fungi. He traveled widely in the course of his investigations, studying fungi intensively in many tropical as well as temperate regions, and as a result his familiarity with the fungi, not only as laboratory specimens but also as living organisms in their habitats, was phenomenal.
From 1907 until his death he was the American editor of the Annals of Botany. His death was a severe loss to botany.
(Excerpt from The Entomophthoreae of the United States Th...)
(Excerpt from Contribution Toward a Monograph of the Labou...)
(Excerpt from Contribution Toward a Monograph of the Labou...)
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the National Academy of Sciences, Phi Beta Kappa, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and other learned or technical societies. He served as president of the New England Botanical Club, the American Mycological Society, and the Botanical Society of America. He was an honorary member of the Russian Mycological Society, the Linnean Societies of London and of Lyons, the Royal Botanical Society of Belgium, the Royal Academies of Sweden and of Denmark, the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, and the Academy of Science of the Institute of France. He was the only American botanist of his time on whom honorary membership was conferred by the British Mycological Society and the Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft.
Tall, well built, of great dignity, poise, and self-restraint, austere, devoted to his work, yet with a dry sense of humor and a reserved kindliness, he had a keen appreciation of beauty, was an accomplished musician, a scholarly and discriminating reader, an unequaled draughtsman of exquisite, accurate botanical illustrations.
On June 8, 1887, he was married to Mabel Gray Freeman of Springfield, Massachussets With their four children, they made up an unusually congenial family; it was the great sorrow of Thaxter's life that his eldest son died in the flower of his youth.