A Study of the Weak Foot, With Reference to Its Causes, Its Diagnosis, and Its Cure: With an Analysis of a Thousand Cases of Socalled Flat-Foot
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A Definition of the Scope of Orthopaedic Surgery: As Indicated by Its Origin, by Its Development, and by the Work of the American Orthopaedic Association (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from A Definition of the Scope of Orthopaedic Sur...)
Excerpt from A Definition of the Scope of Orthopaedic Surgery: As Indicated by Its Origin, by Its Development, and by the Work of the American Orthopaedic Association
The President's address read before the American Orthopaedic Association at its tenth annual meeting.
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Observations on Seventy-Five Cases of Flat-Foot: With Particular Reference to Treatment (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Observations on Seventy-Five Cases of Flat-F...)
Excerpt from Observations on Seventy-Five Cases of Flat-Foot: With Particular Reference to Treatment
Thus overweight or overwork, sudden or gradual, or weakness of muscles either from disuse or from general or special disease or accident, may induce the condition known as flat foot; and in all, whether it be the weak ankles of the growing child, the pain less flat foot of rachitis, or the acute cases in adults accompanied by inflammation and muscular spasm, we find to a greater or less degree the anatomical conditions which have been de scribed; and although certain cases can perhaps be explained by the various hypotheses which have been advanced, none will so satisfactorily account for the great majority as will the simple mechanical theory of its causation.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Observations on Pott's Disease: With Reference to the Principles of Treatment and Their Application (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Observations on Pott's Disease: With Referen...)
Excerpt from Observations on Pott's Disease: With Reference to the Principles of Treatment and Their Application
The successful treatment of Pott's disease depends upon (1) a knowledge of the functions and relations of the different portions of the spine, in order that one may inter pret the early symptoms of disease, because a diagnosis can and must be made before the stage of bone deformity if the best result is to be attained.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Clinical Lessons in Orthopedic Surgery (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Clinical Lessons in Orthopedic Surgery
For ...)
Excerpt from Clinical Lessons in Orthopedic Surgery
For a number of years it has been the custom of many teachers in our academic colleges to furnish their students with what may be termed a course text-book. Such a book is written with special refer ence to the wants of a particular class of students and to the requirements of a definite course of study.
About the Publisher
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This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
A Treatise on Orthopedic Surgery (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from A Treatise on Orthopedic Surgery
This volum...)
Excerpt from A Treatise on Orthopedic Surgery
This volume presents a thorough revision and amendment of the last edition. New material and many illustrations have been added, and the author trusts that it fairly represents this department of medicine at the date of issue.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
A Study of the Weak Foot, With Reference to Its Causes, Its Diagnosis, and Its Cure: With an Analysis of a Thousand Cases of So-Called Flat-Foot (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from A Study of the Weak Foot, With Reference to ...)
Excerpt from A Study of the Weak Foot, With Reference to Its Causes, Its Diagnosis, and Its Cure: With an Analysis of a Thousand Cases of So-Called Flat-Foot
When the foot ceases to act or to be used as a lever, it loses the support and control of the muscles which have balanced the weight in its proper relation to it, and the attitude of passive support must he assumed, in which the burden falls on the inner side and the strain upon the ligaments. Whether this attitude is voluntarily assumed or whether it is forced upon the foot, the disuse of func tion and the mechanical disadvantages to which the foot is subjected predispose to weakness and deformity.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
(
This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.
This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.
As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Elements of the Differential Diagnosis of Pott's Disease in Childhood: Read Before the Orthopedic Section, New York Academy of Medicine, April 21st, 1893 (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from The Elements of the Differential Diagnosis o...)
Excerpt from The Elements of the Differential Diagnosis of Pott's Disease in Childhood: Read Before the Orthopedic Section, New York Academy of Medicine, April 21st, 1893
The spine serves not only as the elastic sup port of the body, but it encloses the Spinal cord, from which branch the nerves of motion and sensation. Although as a whole, it is constantly changing its shape, with every change in attitude, yet under the influence of the force of gravity and the action of the muscles in the preservation of the erect posture, a certain fixed contour is attained known as normal - forward in the upper, backward in the middle and forward again in the lower region of the spine.
Each of these regions has certain move ments and functions peculiar to itself; the function of the cervical spine is to support the head, and allow free motion; the middle portion is made rigid in the formation of the thoracic cavity, the lower region is again free and movable.
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This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Royal Whitman was born on October 14, 1857 in Portland, Maine, the second of four sons and third of six children. His father, Royal Emerson Whitman, had married Lucretia Octavia Whitman of another branch of the family; both came from Turner, Maine. When his son was five, the elder Whitman left to join the Union Army in the Civil War, and thereafter seldom returned home. After the war he engaged briefly in business in Ohio and then joined the regular army as a cavalry lieutenant, serving in the Southwest. His friendly policy toward the Indians while in command of Camp Grant in Arizona roused local white hostility and led to the Camp Grant Massacre (1871) of Indians under his protection. After retiring in 1879 he invented the Whitman saddle and founded a prosperous company to manufacture it. He was divorced about 1875 and remarried. Royal Whitman grew up in his mother's care on the family farm in Turner, Maine. His strict religious upbringing, he later recalled, turned him permanently against formal religion.
Education
After graduating from high school in nearby Auburn, he studied medicine -presumably as an apprentice - for nearly two years, and also worked as a pharmacist. In 1877 he entered the Harvard Medical School. The need for self-support evidently delayed his completion of the three - year course, for he did not receive his M. D. until 1882.
Career
After a surgical internship in the Boston City Hospital, Whitman opened a practice in Boston. In the late 1880's he went to England, where he studied at Cook's School of Anatomy in London; he became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1889. In that year he went to New York City, on the invitation of the orthopedic surgeon Virgil P. Gibney, to become assistant surgeon of the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled. He remained on its staff for four decades. During that period Whitman originated several methods of treatment that quickly became standard. One of his earliest interests was problems of the foot. In 1889 he published observations on seventy-five cases of flat foot, and the following year he presented a paper on the rational treatment of this disorder before the orthopedic section of the New York Academy of Medicine. The technique he devised, which proved highly successful, employed a special metal plate, still known as the Whitman plate. Whitman's demonstrations of the nature and means of preventing and curing flat foot and weak foot are said to have established his reputation as an orthopedic surgeon. His next important contribution, first described in 1901, was an astragalectomy operation for stabilizing the paralytic foot, especially the foot with calcaneus deformity. This operation became the standard for foot stabilization in most clinics until Michael Hoke and others published reports, many years later, on subastragalar arthrodesis. In a paper in 1904 Whitman presented his method for treating hip fractures at the neck of the femur. So superior were the results of this treatment, which involved wide abduction, internal rotation of the hip, and the application of a plaster spica cast to hold the extremity in this position, that again Whitman's technique became standard. In 1916 he did his first reconstruction operation for ununited fracture of the hip; he delayed publishing his description of the operation, however, until 1921, for Whitman seldom, if ever, reported a new technique until he had convinced himself that it was sound. Whitman exerted an important influence also through his clinical teaching and through his textbook, A Treatise on Orthopaedic Surgery. First published in 1901, this comprehensive work soon replaced the earlier standard text by Edward H. Bradford and Robert W. Lovett; by 1930 it had gone through nine editions. Whitman's clinics attracted many visitors, from this country and abroad. His exposition was extremely lucid, and his operations were planned for their practical value. As a surgeon he was rapid, but accurate and careful. A rigid and exacting disciplinarian to all who worked with him, Whitman oversaw the teaching of more than 140 residents. He was extremely punctual - it was said that one could tell the time of day by when he walked into the hospital - and he could not tolerate indolence or excuses. His criticism, although never personal in intent, was sharp and sometimes sarcastic, and many persons, particularly newcomers, took offense. As a result, Whitman was either adored or thoroughly disliked. Small in stature, with a strong face and sparkling eyes, Whitman was one of the most dedicated orthopedists the specialty has produced. Ever curious and imaginative, he was always trying out new methods of treatment. He was thoroughly informed on the orthopedic literature in English, French, and German and expected his associates to be similarly up-to-date. Although he was a leading advocate in his day of surgery for the reconstruction of bone and joint conditions, he did not lose sight of manipulative or manual techniques for the correction of deformities and was a master at them. Whitman held appointments as adjunct professor of orthopedic surgery at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and professor at the New York Polyclinic Medical School. He became an honorary fellow of the Royal Medical Society of England, a member of the French Academy of Surgery, and a member of the German Academy of Natural Scientists, and served as president of the American Orthopaedic Association in 1895. Whitman retired in 1929 and went to live in England. In 1943, during World War II, he returned to the United States. He died at his home in New York City at the age of eighty-eight, of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Achievements
In one of his last articles, Whitman credited the "emancipation" of orthopedic surgery to "the establishment of operative surgery as a dominant factor, " a step that transformed "an illfound and static specialty to an important and progressive branch of surgery. " To that transformation Whitman was a leading contributor.
