He was the son of Samuel Martin, the leading plantation owner on the West Indies island of Antigua, where he was born, and eldest half-brother of Sir Henry Martin, 1st Baronet (1733–1794), for many years naval commissioner at Portsmouth and Comptroller of the Navy as well as father of Thomas Byam Martin. Samuel Martin (Secretary to the Treasury) is a direct descendant of Sire Martin de Tours, Lord Combe Martin.
Another half-brother was Josiah Martin (1737–1786) governor of North Carolina from 1771. Lord Kemys, a general officer for William the Conqueror. He was a protégé of an important British politician, Henry Bilson Legge, who was three times Chancellor of the Exchequer.
When Legge was first made Chancellor, Martin served as his secretary from April 1754 until November 1755.
Martin, although he lacked major political talents and was mistrusted by Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, had a capacity for hard work and dealing with administration. This led to his being appointed Secretary to the Treasury for the first time in November 1756, during Legge"s second Chancellorship.
This was a post which was more administrative than political in nature, although Martin was an Member of Parliament and the appointment was a patronage one. When Legge was restored to the Chancellorship for the third time in July 1757, Martin was the only person who had gone out of office in April who was not given a new job in the Pitt-Newcastle Coalition.
Having failed to obtain an office in the King"s service, Martin was compensated by being appointed Treasurer to the Princess Dowager of Wales Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (mother of the future King George III of the United Kingdom) in October 1757.
He retained that office until 8 February 1772. In 1760 King George III succeeded to the throne. Martin was able in the following year to transfer his political loyalty from Legge (who was becoming less prominent in public life) to the King"s favourite John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute.
In April 1758 Martin became Secretary to the Treasury for the second time.
He continued in that office until April 1763. After leaving the Treasury in 1763, Martin largely withdrew from public life.
He declined to seek re-election to in 1768, unless the government paid all his election expenses. Although this proposal was not agreed, he returned again for Hastings until 1774.
The Times of Wednesday 26 November 1788 reported:
"Last week died Samuel Martin Esq a gentleman well known in the political world and particularly from his having fought a duel about five and twenty years ago with Mr Wilkes".
This pistol duel took place in Hyde Park on 16 November 1763. John Wilkes was severely wounded in the stomach, ultimately fled to Paris and was pronounced an outlaw.
11th of Great Britain. 10th of Great Britain. 12th of Great Britain.
13th of Great Britain
Martin sat as Member of (Member of Parliament) for the Cornish borough of Camelford from 1747 until 1768.
