Background
He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, the eldest child of D. W. William and Frances Elvira (Stoddard) Franz.
( About the Book The Americas were settled by people migr...)
About the Book The Americas were settled by people migrating from Asia at the height of an Ice Age 15,000 years ago. There was no contact with Europeans until Vikings appeared briefly in the 10th century, and the voyages of Christopher Columbus from 1492. America's Indigenous peoples were the Paleo-Indians, who were initially hunter-gatherers. Post 1492, Spanish, Portuguese and later English, French and Dutch colonialists arrived, conquering and settling the discovered lands over three centuries, from the early 16th to the early 19th centuries. The United States achieved independence from England in 1776, while Brazil and the larger Hispanic American nations declared independence in the 19th century. Canada became a federal dominion in 1867. Also in this Book United States history began with the migrations of Indigenous people prior to 15,000 BC. Christopher Columbus's 1492 expedition enabled European colonization, with most colonies formed after 1600. By the 1770s, 13 British colonies held 2.5 million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachians. The British government imposed new taxes after 1765 and would not agree to the colonists having a say in their determination. The American War of Independence, 1775–1783, ensued, resulting in independence, and another war was declared against Britain in 1812. The next 50 years saw the expansion of American states and territories through the west, however growth was curtailed by the costly American Civil War, which broke out in 1861 over the Confederate States' wish to continue the practice of slavery, and the Union's wish to preserve the union. By 1865 some 620,000 people died, making it the most costly in US history. Alaska was purchased from Russia in 1867. The next decades up to World War 1 saw large migrations from Europe and massive growth in the US economy. The US had a short but decisive influence on World War 1, suffered during the Great Depression, and had an even greater decisive influence on the outcome of World War 2. The US then engaged in a Cold War with its military and ideological adversary, the USSR, which disintegrated in 1991. Over the 20th century the US was not just a dynamo of technological advancement, but also contributed greatly to world growth. About us Leopold Classic Library has the goal of making available to readers the classic books that have been out of print for decades. While these books may have occasional imperfections, we consider that only hand checking of every page ensures readable content without poor picture quality, blurred or missing text etc. That's why we: • republish only hand checked books; • that are high quality; • enabling readers to see classic books in original formats; that • are unlikely to have missing or blurred pages. You can search "Leopold Classic Library" in categories of your interest to find other books in our extensive collection. Happy reading!
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(Excerpt from Handbook of Mental Examination Methods It i...)
Excerpt from Handbook of Mental Examination Methods It is just as absurd to say that because each of us has a mind we are able to draw deductions Of scientific psychological value as it is to say that because each Of us has a body, composed Of cells. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(This book was digitized and reprinted from the collection...)
This book was digitized and reprinted from the collections of the University of California Libraries. It was produced from digital images created through the libraries’ mass digitization efforts. The digital images were cleaned and prepared for printing through automated processes. Despite the cleaning process, occasional flaws may still be present that were part of the original work itself, or introduced during digitization. This book and hundreds of thousands of others can be found online in the HathiTrust Digital Library at www.hathitrust.org.
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Leopold Classic Library is delighted to publish this classic book as part of our extensive collection. As part of our on-going commitment to delivering value to the reader, we have also provided you with a link to a website, where you may download a digital version of this work for free. Many of the books in our collection have been out of print for decades, and therefore have not been accessible to the general public. Whilst the books in this collection have not been hand curated, an aim of our publishing program is to facilitate rapid access to this vast reservoir of literature. As a result of this book being first published many decades ago, it may have occasional imperfections. These imperfections may include poor picture quality, blurred or missing text. While some of these imperfections may have appeared in the original work, others may have resulted from the scanning process that has been applied. However, our view is that this is a significant literary work, which deserves to be brought back into print after many decades. While some publishers have applied optical character recognition (OCR), this approach has its own drawbacks, which include formatting errors, misspelt words, or the presence of inappropriate characters. Our philosophy has been guided by a desire to provide the reader with an experience that is as close as possible to ownership of the original work. We hope that you will enjoy this wonderful classic book, and that the occasional imperfection that it might contain will not detract from the experience.
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(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
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(Handbook of mental examination methods by Shepherd Ivory ...)
Handbook of mental examination methods by Shepherd Ivory Franz. This book is a reproduction of the original book published in 1919 and may have some imperfections such as marks or hand-written notes.
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He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, the eldest child of D. W. William and Frances Elvira (Stoddard) Franz.
He prepared for college in the Jersey City schools and in 1890 entered Columbia.
He obtained the degree of A. B. in 1894 and continued in the university as a graduate student, fellow, and assistant in psychology until 1899, when he received the degree of Ph. D.
For one semester of this period he studied under Wundt in Leipzig but did not come into close relations with Wundt.
At Columbia, however, he was closely associated with James McKeen Cattell, being one of this pioneer psychologist's earliest students and assistants. After obtaining his degree in psychology Franz spent two years at the Harvard Medical School under the eminent physiologists, Henry Pickering Bowditch and William Townsend Porter.
In 1924 he removed to Los Angeles, where he continued his clinical work and also became professor of psychology in the newly organized University of California at Los Angeles.
In his hands psychology became one of the leading departments in that institution, while he also rendered much-appreciated service to the students in his capacity of unofficial clinical psychologist and adviser. He was an influential member of the group that shaped the policies of this branch of the University of California during its formative period.
Franz was prominent in both psychological and medical circles. He was president of the American Psychological Association in 1920 and of the Western Psychological Association in 1927-28, and was an honorary member of the American Psychiatric Association and other medical societies.
Aside from his success in establishing contact between psychiatry and experimental psychology, he was noted for his discoveries in brain localization and the rehabilitation of persons suffering from brain injuries.
His work in this field began with the invention in 1900 of a method for investigating the higher functions of the brain in animals. Physiologists had already mapped out the motor and sensory centers of the brain--largely by the method of removal of small portions of an animal's brain and watching for any resulting motor paralysis or loss of sensation--but they had no comparable method for locating the higher activities that depend on learning.
By this method Franz was able to identify brain centers for various learned activities.
Fortunately he went further and gave the animal a chance to relearn the trick after the operation. His results were quite suprising in that the animal was usually able to learn the trick again. Therefore the center that had been identified was after all not absolutely necessary for learning and performing the act in question.
The older assumption that every learned activity would have its own fixed center had to be abandoned in favor of a more fluid conception of brain action. Having found that animals could relearn acts that had been lost through removal of portions of the brain, Franz was hopeful of obtaining a similar recovery in human beings afflicted with paralysis or aphasia as the result of brain injuries.
He labored for many years and with considerable success to develop methods for the reeducation of such individuals. One essential factor in reeducation, he found, was some incentive sufficient to overcome the patient's natural tendency to accept his condition as being incurable.
By apparatus designed to show the patient how well or poorly he was doing and how much he was improving from day to day, and by bringing two or more patients into friendly competition, Franz obtained striking improvement in some paralyzed or aphasic patients.
This pioneer venture in making experimental psychology serviceable to the psychiatrist was so successful as to win him a call to a similar position at the Government Hospital for the Insane in Washington (later St. Elizabeth's Hospital), where he worked from 1907 to 1924, at the same time teaching physiology and experimental psychology in George Washington University. He found great individual differences in this respect and insisted that the work of rehabilitation must always be highly individualized. He had some success also in applying his methods to insane persons, to cripples, and to cases of double personality. Franz died suddenly, in California, in his sixtieth year. He left several published accounts of his researches, notably Nervous and Mental Re-education (1923), The Evolution of an Idea: How the Brain Works (1929), and Persons One and Three: A Study in Multiple Personalities (1933).
(Excerpt from Handbook of Mental Examination Methods It i...)
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
( About the Book The Americas were settled by people migr...)
(Leopold is delighted to publish this classic book as part...)
(Leopold Classic Library is delighted to publish this clas...)
(This book was digitized and reprinted from the collection...)
(This book was digitized and reprinted from the collection...)
(Handbook of mental examination methods by Shepherd Ivory ...)
Franz combined the physiological method of removal with the psychological experiment on animal learning that had recently been developed by Edward L. Thorndike and others. In Franz's experiments a cat or monkey first learned to perform a certain act or trick, and then some definite portion of the animal's brain was removed and the animal was subsequently tested to determine whether the learned act was still retained.
If not, the inference was that the portion removed was the brain center (or a brain center) for the act that had been learned and lost.
He had married, on June 18, 1902, Lucie Mary Niven of London, Ontario, who with three children, Theodora Niven, Elizabeth Knox, and Patricia Wilderspin, survived him.
