Taher was born in a Syed family in Chauddagram Upazila, Comilla. His father, Moulana Syed Mozherul Haque Haidory, was an Islamic religious preacher, orator and scholar. His mother, Late Akseer-e-Jahan Chowdhurani, hailed from the “Kathghor” Muslim Jomidar family of Chittagong.
He stood third in the SSC exam from the then greater Comilla board, and completed his Higher School Certificate from Chittagong Government Later he passed his Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery degree from Dhaka Medical College and Hospital.
He was awarded with the title of ‘Haidory’ by the government of Bengal, for his oratory skills. Taher was recipient of the government funded talent pool scholarship both in class-V and class-VIII. College in 1975. He got involved in student politics during his college days.
He became a "Member" of Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir within two years of joining the organisation.
He discharged his duties as President of Dhaka college unit and then as President of Dhaka City Branch. During his study at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Doctor Taher was elected as the General Secretary of Dhaka Medical College Student’s Union (DhaMeCSU).
He was also president of Comilla Association for Medical Students. Later, he was selected as Secretary General and finally led the organisation as its Central President for two consecutive terms during 1985-1986 and 1986-1987.
He was unable to pursue his profession as medical practitioner due to his full time involvement with social and political work.
Doctor Taher was elected Director for Asia at International Islamic Federation of Student Organizations (IIFSO) from 1988-1992. Later he was elected as secretary general of IIFSO-1992-1995. Taher was imprisoned several times due to his political activities, most recently in 2013, when he was arrested on January 2, 2013, by RAB personnel, in connection with various allegations, including arson attacks, attacks on police and conspiracy against the government.
He was later released on bail.
He was also arrested by joint forces on allegations of extortion, looting and grabbing during the tenure of the military backed caretaker government on March 7, 2007. He was released on ad-interim bail in August 7, 2008.
His supporters have alleged that the erstwhile government had arrested in drive to clamp down on political activists on trumped up charges.
He is a Central Working Committee member of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, and its International Affairs secretary. He was elected as a Member of Parliament in Bangladesh from 2001-2006 and was part of two parliamentary bodies, the Public accounts committee and the Public undertaking committee.
