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Theodore was born on December 1780 in Sheffield, Massachussets, United States, spent most of his childhood in Stockbridge.
He was the second child and first son among the ten children born to Judge Theodore Sedgwick and his second wife, Pamela (Dwight).
Theodore Sedgwick graduated from Yale College in 1798, and began the study of law with his distinguished father. The winter of 1800-01 he spent as a student in the office of a New York lawyer.
In 1801 Sedgwick was admitted to the bar. By 1803 he had settled in Albany, where he formed a partnership with Harmanus Bleecker.
In 1821 failing health forced Sedgwick to retire permanently to Stockbridge. Sedgwick himself enjoyed the life of a cultivated gentleman with rural tastes, which are evinced in his collection of essays, Hints to My Countrymen (1826). He was president of the Berkshire County Agricultural Society. Here, too, he became a power in the newly organized Democratic party of Massachusetts, a curious apostasy from the ultra-Federalist principles of his father.
He had his father's great aversion to Negro slavery, however, and in February 1831, before the Stockbridge Lyceum, delivered an address, The Practicability of the Abolition of Slavery, which was published that same year. Though he had earlier expressed his distrust of party government, he was several times the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts. He served in the state legislature in 1824, 1825, and 1827.
The years 1836-39 saw the publication of his most important work, Public and Private Economy, in three volumes, illustrated with his observations during a visit to Europe in 1836. His brother-in-law, to whom he submitted it for criticism, called it "a fine illustration of the nonsense of teaching science to the common people by stories, " yet, though outmoded in doctrine, because of its unusual method it remains interesting reading.
He died from the effects of a stroke suffered at the close of an address to the Democrats of Pittsfield,
Theodore Sedgwick introduced into the legislature a bill providing for the construction of the Boston & Albany Railroad at state expense. He also was one of the commissioners on the establishment of institutions for instruction in practical arts and sciences, and by his advocacy of state-supervised education identified himself with the movement Horace Mann was soon to direct. His most important work, Public and Private Economy.
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Sedgwick advocated free-trade and temperance legislation.
On November 28, 1808 Theodore Sedgwick married Susan Anne Livingston Ridley (1789 - 1867), granddaughter of Governor William Livingston of New Jersey. Much of their time was spent at the family home in Stockbridge where Susan's charm of manner and intellectual accomplishments made her a welcome addition to the cultivated society which centered about the Sedgwicks. To her were born a daughter and a son, the third Theodore Sedgwick.
