Background
Thomas Henry Burrowes was born on November 16, 1805 at Strasburg, Pennsylvania, the son of Thomas Bredin Burrowes, an Irish immigrant, and Anne (Smith) Burrowes.
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1855 edition. Excerpt: ...Each apartment has a large volume of air at its disposal, in proportion to the area of its floor; and it is obvious, that the air of a room eight or ten feet high, is much more rapidly vitiated than that of one fifteen or twenty feet high. The average proportion of atmosphere allowed to each Pupil is three hundred and forty-three cubic feet,--equal to an area of seven feet square in a room whose ceiling is only seven feet high. The High School is supported by the city at an annual expense of about twenty thousand dollars. It has a liberal course of study, running through four years, differing somewhat from a college course, but equivalent to it, and those students who complete the course receive regularly the degrees of Bachelor and Master of Arts, a charter to this effect having been granted by the Legislature, The success of the Philadelphia High School contributed largely to the establishment of the New York Free Academy, an institution of similar character, and on a still more liberal footing. Both of these noble institutions, as well as all the subordinate subsidiary schools by which they are fed, are absolutely and entirely free, the only test and the only chance of admission being the individual merit of the applicant. The primary and main end of the High School was to elevate the whole system with which it is connected. It has accomplished in this respect all that was expected of it. Both the Pupils and the Teachers of the lower Schools have been stimulated to an extraordinary degree of activity, and their popularity has kept pace with their progress. When the High School was first projected, there were only about seven or eight thousand Pupils in the public Schools of Philadelphia, although the system had been in operation for...
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Excerpt from Regulations for Common School Districts: In Two Parts; Part I. General District Regulations; Part II. Internal Regulations of the School I. Whenever a District is laid stricts, ' the citi zens of each shall be called on. B notices, signed3 by the President and Secretary; andaput up at least two, weeks previ ous to the' election, to elect three resident tairabl'e citizens of the primary District to act as the primary comm'ittee.' A return of which election shall be made in writing by theoflicers thereof, (who shall be. An' Inspector and Clerk, chesen' by the citizens pres President or Secretary, of the Board. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Thomas Henry Burrowes was born on November 16, 1805 at Strasburg, Pennsylvania, the son of Thomas Bredin Burrowes, an Irish immigrant, and Anne (Smith) Burrowes.
His education was more noteworthy for its varied sources than for any great profundity: private tutors, Trinity College, Dublin, a Quebec classical school, and Yale College, are supposed to have assisted in the project that Amos Ellmaker, a Lancaster lawyer, completed when Thomas Henry was admitted to the bar in 1829.
Thomas Burrowes was elected to the lower house of the Pennsylvania legislature in 1831 and 1832, where, as a member of the Whig minority, he distinguished himself only by acquiring influence in his state party such that he could give valuable aid in the election of Joseph Ritner as governor in 1835, and secure for himself an appointment as secretary of the commonwealth, to which were attached the duties of state superintendent of schools.
Burrowes, Thaddeus Stevens, and Theophilus Fenn became the "Kitchen Cabinet" of the Ritner administration, and under their leadership every public and private measure was shaped to serve political ends. So well satisfied was the triumvirate with their administration that as the days of office-holding waned they became more and more loath to surrender their scepters to the incoming Porter régime.
Instead of submitting the evidence of fraud to the legislature, the secretary, in a proclamation dated October 15, 1838, called on "the good people" of the state to "treat the election of the 9th instant as if we had not been defeated" (Pennsylvanian, December 8, 1838)--an invitation to revolution that precipitated the bloodless Buckshot War.
The militia, recruited largely from the City of Brotherly Love, refused to assist the defeated governor; the President of the United States was not interested; and the threatening mob was in possession of the senate galleries, so Burrowes left office through a window in the rear of the senate chamber to take up the more peaceful pursuit of agriculture.
The charge of treason, although seriously considered, was never pressed. Paradoxically, a man, totally ignorant of the requirements of a state educational system, and who had voted against the free school measure, was destined to play a leading rôle in the establishment of Pennsylvania's public schools.
It was one of these trips into the mountains that Thomas Henry Burrowes caught a fatal cold. He died in office, on February 25 at the age of 65.
Burrowes's major achievements were in revising the school law of 1834 and organizing the free school system for the state, the most distinctly creditable feature of the current regime he lived in. He could give advice on almost every important school measure brought before the legislature after 1836, founded the Pennsylvania School Journal in 1852 and edited it for eighteen years, served as state superintendent of schools, 1860-63, organized the Soldiers' Orphans' Schools after the Civil War, and died as president of Pennsylvania Agricultural College.
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The Anti-Masonic Whig party, of which Burrowes was state chairman, was defeated by alleged frauds at the Philadelphia polls. In an attempt to seat the defeated Anti-Masonic Whigs of Philadelphia in the House of Representatives Ritner called in the state militia and appealed to President Van Buren for aid, while the tainted but victorious Democrats brought a mob of thugs from their constituency to aid them in the organization of the legislature.
Burrowes was a politician by choice and an educator by accident. None of Burrowes's projects were cut from whole cloth, for his strength was in his sagacious sifting of practical ideas from the mass of suggestions proffered by his contemporaries.
Quotations: Although Thomas Burrowes insisted in his Report of February 19, 1837, that only the "elements of a good business education--reading, writing, and arithmetic" should be taught in the common schools, and that any individual who had not learned his "three R's" before he reached the age of fifteen could not learn them afterward, he became and remained the oracle of the Pennsylvania educational crusade until his death.
Quotes from others about the person
He was noted for his, “genial disposition, ready wit and fine conversational powers. ”
Buried in St. Jame’s Churchyard in Lancaster, a monument was erected over his grave. It reads “He gave his best; his giving was princely; his work has been grandly cumulative and will be so through the ages. To no man now living does Pennsylvania owe so great a debt of gratitude. ”
John Hamilton, a colleague of Thomas Henry Burrowes, eulogized him saying, “He came to this college in the darkest period of its history. The number of students had dwindled to a handful. Public confidence had been withdrawn. The institution had become involved in debt. .. .President Burrowes brought with him the trust of the public, because his had been an educational career that was widely known in PA, both in itself and for the success that had attended it. And although he was not in the 65th year of his age, his enthusiasm and natural vigor seemed just as great as it had been years before. His presence reestablished public confidence, the number of students attracted by his reputation very greatly increased, the course of study was reformed, and the institution was put into practicable working condition. During his administration, the experimental farm at the State College was founded and put into operation.
There can be no doubt of our indebtedness to Dr. Burrowes for most of this that we enjoy today, for it he had not assumed control at the period at which he did, in all probability the college would have ceased to exist. ”
Thomas Burrowes was married on April 6, 1837, to Salome Jane Carpenter, by whom he had fifteen children.
