Background
Thomas Holliday Hicks was born on September 2, 1798, on a farm in East New Market, Maryland, United States. He was the eldest son of Henry C. and Mary (Sewell) Hicks.
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(Excerpt from Message of the Governor of Maryland, to the ...)
Excerpt from Message of the Governor of Maryland, to the General Assembly: January Session, 1862 The earnest devotion to the best interests of our State which has been evidenced by you during the recent special session of your Honorable Bodies, renders it almost unnecessary for me to make to you the usual formal communication at the opening of your regular session. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from Message of the Governor of Maryland, to the ...)
Excerpt from Message of the Governor of Maryland, to the General Assembly: January Session, 1860 The near coincidence of these amounts, while they should prevent any other than necessary appropriations, indispone able for the public service, warns also against any immature reduction of the direct tax. After years of heavy impost, cheerfully borne, to respond to engagements, and uphold the the plighted faith of the State, a wise economy in the Legis ture, the gradual increase of wealth in the State, the develop ment of her resources and the activity of her citizens, enabled the General Assembly of 1856 to reduce the direct tax one third. It is now but one tenth of one per cent; an impost that is hardly felt, and upon a basis of taxation which, (ex cept in the city of Baltimore, where a new assessment has just been completed) confessedly does not represent the increased or new values of land, and of all other property. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from Message of the Governor of Maryland, to the ...)
Excerpt from Message of the Governor of Maryland, to the General Assembly: Special Session, December, 1861 In conclusion, Gentlemen, I congratulate you, and the people of the State, upon the immunity we have enjoyed from the dreadful evils which have fallen upon some of the other States. While carnage and desolation have Stalked through Virginia, Kentucky and Missouri, we here in Maryland have had no battle fields, no wanton destruction of homes, no out rages upon helpless women and children. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Thomas Holliday Hicks was born on September 2, 1798, on a farm in East New Market, Maryland, United States. He was the eldest son of Henry C. and Mary (Sewell) Hicks.
Hicks acquired only the most rudimentary education in the local school and assisted his father on the farm until he was old enough to claim a career of his own.
Hicks was made constable at twenty-one, elected sheriff when he was twenty-six, and from that time on he was almost constantly in office until his death. In 1830, while living on a farm on the Choptank River, he was sent to the state legislature. In 1833 he removed to a village in the southern part of the county to engage in mercantile business, but it was not long before he was made a member of the electoral college. In the same year, 1836, he was returned to the House of Delegates and was elected by the legislature the next year to the last governor's council.
In 1838, when the governor's council was abolished, he was appointed register of wills in Dorchester County, in which post he was kept on duty, with a brief intermission, for seventeen years. He also served as a member of the state constitutional convention, 1850-1851.
He was elected governor in the fall of 1857. Shortly after Hicks's gubernatorial term had expired, he was selected to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate created by the death of James Pearce, and in 1864 he was returned by election. His senatorial career was not brilliant, for he was too ill during the next two years to manifest leadership in committee work, and he was never an able speaker.
During 1863 he suffered an injury to his ankle which necessitated the amputation of the foot. He never recovered from the shock and quickly succumbed to an attack of paralysis in 1865. After a state funeral he was temporarily interred in the congressional cemetery to be later removed to Cambridge, Maryland.
(Excerpt from Message of the Governor of Maryland, to the ...)
(Excerpt from Message of the Governor of Maryland, to the ...)
(Excerpt from Message of the Governor of Maryland, to the ...)
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Although Hicks started his political career as a Democrat and served in the General Assembly as a Whig, it was as a member of the American party that he was elected governor in the fall of 1857. On the question of secession, sentiment in Maryland was bitterly divided, and after Lincoln's election, tremendous pressure from within and without the state was brought to bear on Hicks to call a special session of the legislature to define the state's position in the crisis. Mass meetings were held from November to March, some denouncing, some commending, his inaction. Hicks resisted the demand until the pressure of events in the riot of April 19 brought a revolutionary call for the Assembly to convene of its own initiative, later justifying his action by insisting that the legislature would have led Maryland blindly "into the vortex of secession. " His conduct throughout the month of April 1861 is not easy to understand.
If we may trust the testimony of a close friend, he was stanchly Unionist at heart and wavered either because of fear--for his life was repeatedly threatened--or of duplicity. Possibly he delayed because he believed in military force only as a last resort. Mixed though his motives may have been, however, he forefended any official steps toward secession until the presence of Union troops rendered the disunionists powerless.
As governor, opposing the Democrats, his views accurately reflected the conflicting local loyalties. He was pro-slavery but anti-secession. Under pressure to call the General Assembly into special session, he held it in the pro-Union town of Frederick, where he was able to keep the state from seceding.
In December 1862, Hicks was appointed to the U. S. Senate, where he endorsed Lincoln's re-election in 1864.
Hicks was regarded as having natural sagacity and a steady sense of justice. Though slow to reach decisions, he adhered to them with tenacity, a trait indicated by his square jaw and firmly closed lips.
Hicks was married three times: first to Anne Thompson, then to Leah Raleigh, and finally to Mrs. Jane Wilcox, who survived him.