Reed's Rules: A Manual Of General Parliamentary Law, With Notes Of Changes Made By The House Of Representatives, And Suggestions For Special Rules
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The Tariff: Speech of Hon. Thos; B. Reed, of Maine, in the House of Representatives, Saturday, May 19, 1888 (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from The Tariff: Speech of Hon. Thos; B. Reed, of...)
Excerpt from The Tariff: Speech of Hon. Thos; B. Reed, of Maine, in the House of Representatives, Saturday, May 19, 1888
Napoleon was right when he said that Europe must be Cossack or republican; Lincoln was right when he said the United States must be either free or slave. The house divided against itself has to unite or fall. The revenue reform argu ment is either a false pretense or covers the whole ground. Protection is either in Its essence a benefit or a curse. You cannot dilute a curse and make it a blessing. Ratsbane and water are no more food than ratsbane pure. Incidental protection is a sham. Tariff for revenue only goes down before the same argu ments which are used against protection.
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Reed's Rules: A Manual of General Parliamentary Law With Suggestions for Special Rules (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Reed's Rules: A Manual of General Parliament...)
Excerpt from Reed's Rules: A Manual of General Parliamentary Law With Suggestions for Special Rules
It should be understood at once that this Man ual has nothing to do with the political differences which have existed as to the rules of the House of Representatives, except so far as any treatise would incidentally refer to them.
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Reed on the Tariff: Speech of Hon. Thomas B. Reed, of Maine, in the House of Representatives, Thursday, February 1, 1894 (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Reed on the Tariff: Speech of Hon. Thomas B....)
Excerpt from Reed on the Tariff: Speech of Hon. Thomas B. Reed, of Maine, in the House of Representatives, Thursday, February 1, 1894
Mr. Speaker, in this debate, which has extended over many weeks, one te markable result has already been reached, a result of the deepest importance to this country. That result is that the bill before us is odious to both sides of the House. It meets with favor nowhere, and commands the respect of neither party; On this side we believe that while it pretends to be for protection it does not afford it, and on the other side they believe that while it looks toward free trade it does not accomplish it.
Those who will vote against this bill will do so because it opens our mar kets to the destructive competition of foreigners, and those who vote for it do it with the reservation that they will instantly devote themselves to a new crusade against whatever barriers are left.
W'hatever speeches have been made in defense of the bill on the other side. Whether by gentlemen who are responsible only to their own constituencies or by the gentleman from West Virginia, who ought to have been steadied by his sense of responsibility to the whole country, have one and all, with. But rare exceptions, placed their authors uncompromisingly, except for temporary pur poses, ou the side of unrestricted free trade.
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This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections
such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact,
or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections,
have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
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The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification:
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Modern Eloquence: Occasional Addresses; Volume 7 Of Modern Eloquence; Albert Ellery Bergh
Thomas Brackett Reed, Rossiter Johnson, Justin McCarthy, Albert Ellery Bergh
J. D. Morris, 1900
Speeches, addresses, etc
Modern Eloquence, 1901, Vol. 3: After-Dinner Speeches, P-Z (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Modern Eloquence, 1901, Vol. 3: After-Dinner...)
Excerpt from Modern Eloquence, 1901, Vol. 3: After-Dinner Speeches, P-Z
Note - A large number of the most distinguished speakers of this country and Great Britain have selected their own best speeches for this Library. These speakers include Whitelaw Reid, William Jennings Bryan, Henry van Dyke. Henry M. Stanley, Newell Dwight Hillis, Joseph Jefferson, Sir Henry Irving, Arthur T. Hadley, John D. Long, David Starr Jordan, and many others of equal note.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Modern Eloquence, Vol. 8: Occasional Addresses; E L (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Modern Eloquence, Vol. 8: Occasional Address...)
Excerpt from Modern Eloquence, Vol. 8: Occasional Addresses; E L
Note - A large number of the most distinguished speakers of this country and Great Britain have selected their own best speeches for this Library. These speakers include Whitelaw Reid, William Jennings Bryan, Henry van Dyke, Henry M. Stanley, Newell Dwight Hillis, Joseph Jefl'erson, Sir Henry Irving, Arthur T. Hadley, John D. Long, David Starr Jordan, and many others of equal note.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Modern Eloquence, 1901, Vol. 3: After-Dinner Speeches, P-Z (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Modern Eloquence, 1901, Vol. 3: After-Dinner...)
Excerpt from Modern Eloquence, 1901, Vol. 3: After-Dinner Speeches, P-Z
Note - A large number of the most distinguished speakers of this country and Great Britain have selected their own best speeches for this Library. These speakers include Whitelaw Reid, William Jennings Bryan, Henry van Dyke. Henry M. Stanley, Newell Dwight Hillis, Joseph Jefferson, Sir Henry Irving, Arthur T. Hadley, John D. Long, David Starr Jordan, and many others of equal note.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections
such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact,
or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections,
have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
++++
The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification:
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Modern Eloquence: Anecdotes. Indices; Volume 10 Of Modern Eloquence; Albert Ellery Bergh
Thomas Brackett Reed, Rossiter Johnson, Justin McCarthy, Albert Ellery Bergh
J. D. Morris, 1900
Speeches, addresses, etc
Modern Eloquence, Vol. 4: Lectures A E (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Modern Eloquence, Vol. 4: Lectures A E
What...)
Excerpt from Modern Eloquence, Vol. 4: Lectures A E
What we call in America Stump Oratory - Oratory in its roughest and most familiar shape - still plays a great part - a part which hardly seems to lessen in its influence over the people at large. TO be fully satisfied, they must hear the man speak', and give themselves up to the sound of his voice. Whenever a campaign comes on, all the available vocal power is called into action, and Whoever watches the effect will see that the oratory of the campaign is a very powerful and invigorating force. In 1872 a large number Of the leading men and news papers had placed themselves in opposition to General Grant, and there were weeks during which his election seemed more than doubtful; but the campaign orator had not been at work a fortnight before you could feel the change. Not only were there words, but you had looked into the face of the man who said them. When you read what is written, the power of the written word depends much upon your mood. When you hear a man speak, his power depends much on his mood. You natu rally lend your thoughts to him. Moreover, the rest Of your fellows in the audience do their part, and there comes on that irresistible power of human sympathy which gives you your share of the emotion of others and mingles your thoughts with theirs.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Modern Eloquence, Vol. 12: Political Oratory; But Dem (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Modern Eloquence, Vol. 12: Political Oratory...)
Excerpt from Modern Eloquence, Vol. 12: Political Oratory; But Dem
Imagination, reason, and that peculiar human quality in speech which defies analysis as much as the perfume of the rose, but which touches the heart and reaches the mind, are blended in each of these utterances in perfect propor tion. But, above all, each of these model speeches which the world has thus far produced teaches. They instruct. And, in doing this, they assert. The men who spoke them did not weaken them by suggesting a doubt of what they had to say. This is common to all great speeches.
Not one immortal utterance can be produced which contains such expressions as I may be wrong, or, In my humble opinion, or, In my judgment. The great speakers, in their highest moments, have always been so charged with aggressive conviction that they announced their conclusions as ultimate truths. They speak as one having authority, and, therefore, the common people hear them gladly.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.
This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.
As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
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This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.
This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.
As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Thomas Brackett Reed, occasionally ridiculed as Czar Reed, was a U. S. Representative from Maine, and Speaker of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1889–1891 and also from 1895–1899.
Background
Thomas Brackett Reed was born on October 18, 1839 in Portland, Maine, the elder of the two children of Thomas Brackett and Mathilda (Mitchell) Reed. His father was a sailor and water-front watchman of limited means. He had the advantage of good heredity, however, tracing descent on the one hand from Thomas Reade, one of Winthrop's settlers of 1630, and on the other from Experience Mitchell and Jane Cook, a passenger on the Mayflower. His mother was a woman of great intelligence and strength of character.
Education
Reed attended the public schools of his native city and graduated from Bowdoin College in 1860, ranking high in his class despite a somewhat erratic record in the first years of attendance. He was obliged to support himself in part during his course by doing odd jobs; he also taught school. While he had intended entering the ministry, he became a free-thinker on religious topics and decided on a different profession. He resumed teaching on graduation and began the study of law in Portland, whence he proceeded to California late in 1861.
Career
He taught school in the new state and secured admission to the bar at San Jose, September 8, 1863. He returned to Portland soon afterward, and resumed his legal studies, but in April 1864 secured a commission as acting assistant paymaster in the navy. He served until honorably discharged about eighteen months later.
He was admitted to the Maine bar in October 1865 and began practice in Portland. Elected to the Maine legislature two years later, he was reelected in 1868, and in 1869 became senator from Cumberland County. Throughout his three years' service he was a member of the joint standing committee on the judiciary, and he made a reputation as one of the ablest debaters and floor leaders in the state. In 1870 he was elected attorney-general of Maine and served for three years in that office.
Reed was beaten for renomination as attorney-general in 1873, owing to a precedent which had set three years as the maximum term. He had made a reputation as a fearless and vigorous prosecuting officer. His reports indicate, furthermore, a grasp of law and a realization of its shortcomings in protecting the interests of the state against the "rights" of the law-breaker. After retirement he engaged in private practice, serving also as city solicitor for Portland and taking an active part in the activities of the Republican party. He was rewarded for the latter in 1876 by a nomination for the national House of Representatives and in spite of some dissension in the party carried the district. In 1880 he barely escaped defeat by a fusion of Greenback and Democratic opponents.
With this exception, he continued to carry the first congressional district by strong majorities until 1898. In Congress Reed spoke infrequently but soon acquired a reputation as a formidable opponent in running debate. His speech in opposition to a bill indemnifying the College of William and Mary for losses suffered during the Civil War was a fine forensic effort, heavily charged with the sarcasm and invective for which he soon became famous.
On May 20, 1878, he was appointed a minority member of the select committee headed by Clarkson N. Potter, directed to investigate alleged frauds in the presidential election of 1876. Reed unearthed important evidence regarding fraud and violence in Louisiana, discredited several Democratic witnesses by his skillful and merciless cross-examination, and brought clearly to light the connection of William T. Pelton, nephew of Samuel J. Tilden, with the notorious "cipher telegrams. " The partisan clamor which followed the disclosures enabled the Republicans to becloud the original issues and fight the campaign of 1880 on more advantageous ground than would have otherwise been the case. While not a persistent waver of the "bloody shirt, " Reed supported federal election laws which would have secured the negro's right to vote. He supported the tariff, rehabilitation of the navy, and liberal national expenditures. Unlike some of his party colleagues, however, he stood firm against inflation, voting against the Bland-Allison Act and denouncing both Greenbackism and Free Silver. He was promoted to the judiciary committee in the Forty-sixth Congress and became its chairman when the Republicans won control of the House in the Forty-seventh.
On January 9, 1882, he was appointed to a vacancy in the committee on rules and soon acquired a dominant place in its deliberations. Early in March he presented amendments to the rules which would have enabled the majority to secure prompt consideration of business regardless of its place on the calendars, but Republican strength was insufficient to secure action on such a highly controversial topic.
On May 29, however, after spirited opposition, he secured the adoption of an amendment to the rules, putting an end to filibustering in election cases, and at the next session used the same weapon, a special rule reported by this committee, to drive through the tariff bill of 1883, whose passage the minority had hitherto obstructed by dilatory tactics. The Democrats held control of the House from 1883 to 1889.
Reed held his place on the committee on rules and also represented the minority on the committee on ways and means from 1884 to 1889. In the latter capacity he became a noted exponent of protectionist doctrine, his most distinguished effort being a speech, May 19, 1888, against the Mills Bill, one of the greatest speeches on the subject in congressional annals.
After 1882 Reed was the unquestioned leader of the House Republicans, although formal recognition of the fact was withheld, due to sundry party exigencies, until 1885 when he was first nominated for the speakership.
Throughout the Forty-eighth, Forty-ninth, and Fiftieth congresses he continued to fight for reform of the rules of the House, proposing that procedural checks be removed in order that the majority might actually govern, but the Democratic majority would have none of it. The only change accomplished in this period was the scattering of the power of the committee on appropriations among additional committees, an unfortunate consummation which plagued congressional finance for the next forty years. Reed, as he afterwards regretted, supported the change.
The House was attempting, Reed declared, "to run Niagara through a quill. " Conditions reached a climax in the Fiftieth Congress, where a series of filibusters reduced the Democratic majority to utter helplessness and led to a widespread demand for reform. The Republicans carried the country in 1888 and Reed was elected speaker of the House on December 2, 1889. His success was taken to mean that reform of the rules was imminent. This brought up the question of the quorum, the precedents of the House requiring that a member actually vote in order to be recorded present. In the Fifty-first Congress the Republicans had only three votes more than the necessary quorum of 165.
Routine absences and a body of silent Democrats could therefore put a stop to every transaction. Reed cut the Gordian knot on January 29, 1890, by counting enough Democrats to make a quorum. For three days the House was in a tumult. Reed delivered a series of rulings which showed his intention to use every power of the speakership in the interest of majority rule and the efficient transaction of public business. His counting of the quorum prepared the way for the adoption of the famous "Reed Rules" on Feburary 14.
Obstruction was ended by empowering the speaker to refuse dilatory motions, the "counted" quorum was substituted for the "voting" quorum, the committee of the whole was reduced and its procedure simplified, and the order of business was completely revised. Under the new rules the majority of the Fifty-first Congress forced through the greatest legislative program since the Civil War.
The McKinley tariff, however, and the remarkable increase in expenditures which led this Congress to be dubbed "the billion dollar Congress" produced a strong reaction and led to the sweeping Democratic victory of 1890. Reed defended his code when the Fifty-second Congress reverted to the old system, and bided his time until 1894, when by use of the silent quorums he forced the Democratic majority to adopt the system which they had bitterly denounced four years earlier. In the meantime he gave generous support to the soundmoney policy of President Cleveland, delivering one of his greatest speeches on behalf of repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, August 26, 1893.
He continued his efforts for protection and spoke at length against the Wilson Bill, Feburary 1, 1894, his speech on this occasion being considered almost on a par with that against the Mills Bill six years before. Reed's leadership did much to rehabilitate the Republican party after its defeats of 1890 and 1892.
After sweeping Republican victories in 1894, followed by his election to the speakership and the re-enactment of the Reed rules, there was a strong feeling that he had earned a presidential nomination. Active efforts were made on his behalf but he declined to make commitments on matters of patronage, refused to accept funds where future obligations might be involved, and made the tactical error of remaining silent on the currency question. At the Republican National Convention of 1896 he received only 841/2 votes. He took his defeat much to heart and entertained a lively resentment toward various leaders who he believed had betrayed his cause, but was reëlected speaker of the Fifty-fifth Congress. Reed, although he had scant respect for President McKinley, whom he had started on the road to the White House in 1889 by appointment to the chairmanship of the ways and means committee, supported the administration until 1898.
Following the war with Spain and the annexation of Hawaii, Reed, disgusted with the situation, resigned on September 4, 1899.
He took up the practice of law in New York City and achieved notable professional success, in spite of the fact that his career had been largely political since his earlier practice before the courts of Maine. He had given as the chief reason for retirement the need of making provision for his family, and succeeded in the next three years in accumulating a comfortable estate. He died while visiting Washington on legal business December 7, 1902.
Achievements
Reed's work in establishing the principle of party responsibility in the House was a notable contribution to American government.
While the speakership was subsequently shorn of much of the autocratic power which had been bestowed on Reed, many of the rules which he devised remained in operation and in some particulars are unlikely to be replaced.
(Excerpt from Modern Eloquence, Vol. 12: Political Oratory...)
book
Politics
He was bitterly opposed to intervention in Cuba and to Hawaiian annexation, feeling that colonial expansion and the governing of subject peoples were contrary to American tradition and entirely impracticable. The continental United States, he argued, already had too many unassimilated elements and, thanks to the equality of states in the Senate, was actually being governed by a minority.
He believed in the traditional methods of American democracy and had a cynical attitude toward reform and reformers. He defended his parliamentary reforms as merely a restoration of democratic control in the House, the speaker being the chosen instrument of a popular majority. He failed to realize that the changed conditions due to nineteenth-century industrialism rendered his laissez-faire doctrines obsolete in the relations of government and private business.
Views
Quotations:
"Theodore, if there is one thing for which I admire you, it is your original discovery of the ten commandments. "
"A statesman is a successful politician who is dead".
Personality
Reed was a great debater. He seldom spoke for more than ten minutes but his brief comments on pending bills frequently determined the entire line of argument and sometimes settled the fate of important measures. He was a master of sarcasm and his use of this weapon often worked to his political hurt. James G. Blaine he once described as a burden to the Republican party like unto "the gentleman Sinbad carried. "
But he was above all a great personality, self-reliant, courageous, honest, and inflexible, and gifted with keen insight and pungent wit. He was a giant in stature, standing over six feet three and weighing from 250 to 275 pounds. His size was an asset, conveying a sense of physical mastery over the House. His face was round and bland, almost cherubic. As a result, his drawling comments, his incisive rulings, his rasping sarcasm and pointed wit were startlingly in contrast to his appearance. With his friends he was affable, fond of joking and good-natured raillery, and extremely sympathetic and kind hearted. He had a most unusual combination of qualities and as one of his colleagues wrote "there never was and there never will be another Tom Reed. "
Interests
Politicians
Theodore Roosevelt
Connections
On Feburary 5, 1870, he married Mrs. Susan P. Jones, daughter of the Rev. S. H. Merrill, a prominent Congregationalist clergyman of Portland. His domestic life was singularly happy and his wife made an important contribution to his subsequent political and professional sucesses.
