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Thomas was born on October 11, 1812 near Corfe Castle, Isle of Purbeck, Dorsetshire, England, the son of James and Sarah Summers. Left an orphan at the age of six, he was reared by his maternal grandmother and, later, by an aunt. The latter died when Thomas was sixteen, leaving him a small patrimony.
His parents were rigid Calvinists and he had had a careful religious training but had received only the rudiments of a secular education.
In 1830 Summers emigrated to the United States, arrived in New York City. He was a good penman and accountant, however, and easily found employment. Soon, both by inclination and the advice of friends, he was led to enter the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
In 1835 he was admitted on trial to the Baltimore Conference; the following year he was ordained deacon, and in 1839, elder. From 1836 to 1839 he was stationed in Baltimore, and in the latter year was sent to West River, Maryland. Conscious of his meager education, he applied himself industriously to study. In spite of defective vision and the exacting demands of his ministry, he made rapid progress and in time his knowledge became cyclopedic.
In 1840 he went to Texas, where he undertook missionary work in Houston and Galveston, and was one of the founders of the Texas Conference. He became a member of the Alabama Conference in 1844 and the following year was one of its delegates to the General Convention at Louisville, Kentucky, which organized the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Of this Convention he was secretary and he also served as assistant secretary of the first General Conference of the Church, which was held the succeeding year. Thereafter until his death he was secretary of all its sessions.
In 1846 he was made assistant editor of the Southern Christian Advocate, which position he held until 1850, when he was elected book editor of the Church. Its publication house was established in Nashville, Tennessee, and from then on, except for a period during the Civil War which he spent at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, that city was his home. In addition to performing the routine duties of his office, from 1851 to 1856 he was editor of the Sunday School Visitor.
In July 1858 he assumed editorship of the Quarterly Review of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. This suspended publication in 1861 and was revived in 1879, Summers being elected editor in October of that year. From 1868 to 1878 he was editor of the Christian Advocate, Nashville.
In 1875 Vanderbilt University opened its doors, and the following year Summers consented to add to his editorial responsibilities those of dean and professor of systematic theology. By the time of the meeting of the General Conference held at Nashville in May of 1882, his health had become much impaired. He was gratified by being made secretary once more, but a few days later he died.
Summers established a Methodist community on Galveston Island in Texas in 1840. Among his publications were Biographical Sketches of Eminent Itinerant Ministers (1858) and Commentary on the Gospels (1869 - 72). Besides, Summers served as Professor of Systematic Theology at Vanderbilt University, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, S. His lectures at Vanderbilt were edited by J. J. Tigert and published in 1888 under the title Systematic Theology. By 1878, he became Dean of the Biblical Department at Vanderbilt University.
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( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
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Pursuing theological studies because of an inherent interest in them, he finally discarded Calvinism and became a devout follower of John Wesley.
He devoted much attention to hymnology and ritual, for which he had a natural fondness.
He had little capacity for original writing and left few works of his own; but he revised, corrected, and compiled, with an industry that never flagged, a minute attention to details, and a memory that was well-nigh infallible.
He had married in 1844 N. B. Sexton of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, who with a son survived him.
