(Edited by Jhennifer Amundson (Athenæum 2006) Soft Cover; ...)
Edited by Jhennifer Amundson (Athenæum 2006) Soft Cover; 280pp., Illustrated, Index.
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( This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923....)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Architecture ... Thomas Ustick Walter Architecture; General; Architecture; Architecture / General; Architecture / Regional
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Thomas Ustick Walter was born in Philadelphia, Pa. , the son of Deborah (Wood) and Joseph Saunders Walter. His grandfather, Frederick Jacob Walter, born in Germany, spent his boyhood in Philadelphia as a "redemptioner, " and became a prosperous bricklayer. Walter's youth was marked by his apprenticeship to his father, a bricklayer and stone mason.
He studied under William Strickland and others at the Franklin Institute.
He became a master bricklayer in 1825. In 1828 he reëntered Strickland's office for over two years of intensive training in architecture and engineering, and in 1830 began his own practice. His first important commission was for the Philadelphia County Prison, usually called Moyamensing, built in the "castellated" manner. The commission for Girard College followed in 1833. Through the influence of Nicholas Biddle the premiated design was abandoned for one of classical derivation. The white marble building was peripteral in plan, with the Corinthian order of the monument of Lysicrates, Athens, as its chief ornamental feature. The interior, following the requirements of the Girard will, was divided into four groined rooms, each fifty feet square, on each of two floors, rising to an attic floor with four domes on pendentives. A roof of marble slabs, basement areas for the control of the temperature of the vestibules, and an arched treatment whereby the entablature could be replaced, block by block, were additional features of an archeological triumph. Four pendant buildings were placed axially to either side. The echoes in the vaulted rooms made recitations difficult, and the limited number of windows permitted by the style indicated the weakness inherent in the temple form for a modern school. Girard College marked the climax, and at the same time sounded the death knell, of the Greek Revival in America. A trip to Europe in 1838 afforded Walter the opportunity to study the practical arrangements of English and Continental schools, many of which he was able to use at Girard. Between 1843 and 1845 he was concerned with the construction of a breakwater at La Guaira, Venezuela. He had the misfortune to lose his eldest son and assistant, Joseph S. Walter, from fever during this undertaking. From 1851 to 1865 Walter was in Washington in charge of the extension of the United States Capitol, adding the wings of the present structure, the dome, and projecting a center extension, revised as late as 1904 by Carrère and Hastings. The cornerstone of the wings was laid July 4, 1851, with Daniel Webster as the orator. Walter had been one of four to win premiums for competitive designs for the extension and had been appointed by President Fillmore to prepare plans, which the latter subsequently approved. Charles F. Anderson, who also designed one of the premiated designs, long claimed credit for the wings and may have influenced the placing of the legislative chambers in the wings instead of at the north and south sides as Walter had intended. He also seems to have had influence, through Capt. Montgomery C. Meigs, who knew his plans, in details of ventilation, acoustics, and heating. Anderson's drawings, however, were lost, and only in the unlikely event that a drawing among the Walter papers, signed by the Corps of Topographical Engineers, was designed by Anderson does there appear to be any need of a revision of the generally accepted belief that Walter is chiefly responsible for the wings as built, admirably adapted to their purpose, to the older parts of the building, and to the significance of the structure. The interior details are certainly his. The cast-iron dome designed by Walter extends nearly thirteen feet beyond its base and, despite its magnificent silhouette, needs the proposed center extension to satisfy the eye of the spectator. Walter also urged that the rotunda be rebuilt and the pilasters replaced by columns, in order to give a more apparent support to the dome. Other works of Walter's in Washington include the completion of the Treasury, begun by Robert Mills, by the addition of the west and south façades, and, after the removal of the State Department, the north façade; the addition of two great wings to Mills's noble reminiscence of the Parthenon, long the Patent Office; the extension of the old Post Office, later the Land Office, from Mills's designs; St. Elizabeth's Hospital; and designs for the State, War, and Navy Building. In the last instance Walter's conception is seen only in the interior, the numerous colonnettes which now adorn the exterior having been added after his retirement. Walter also designed the naval barracks at Brooklyn and at Pensacola while in the government employ. Walter's work in Philadelphia, done largely before his departure for Washington, includes such admirable adaptations of classical modes to city architecture as the Matthew Newkirk House, long known as St. George's Hall, and the Dundas House, both with Ionic porticoes. He also assisted Nicholas Biddle in his construction of a peripteral design for his home on the Delaware, "Andalusia. " He designed the Preston Retreat and Wills Eye Hospital, various churches, banks, and private houses in Philadelphia, court houses at Reading and at West Chester (based on classic temples with Wren towers added), the beautiful Hibernian Hall, Charleston, S. C. , and churches and banks at West Chester, Baltimore, and Richmond. After his virtual retirement in 1865 Walter consulted with John McArthur, 1823-1890, regarding the tower of the City Hall, Philadelphia, then rising, and was associated with him in the decorative work the building called for. He wrote A Guide to Workers in Metals and Stone (1846), and in collaboration with J. Jay Smith contributed to and compiled Two Hundred Designs for Cottages and Villas (1846). He helped to organize the American Institute of Architects in 1857, and became its second president in 1876, holding that office until his death. He was long associated with the Franklin Institute in various official positions.
He was the fourth Architect of the Capitol and responsible for adding the north (Senate) and south (House) wings and the central dome that is predominately the current appearance of the U. S. Capitol building. Walter was one of the founders and second president of the American Institute of Architects.
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
(Edited by Jhennifer Amundson (Athenæum 2006) Soft Cover; ...)
( This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923....)
Throughout his life Walter was an active leader in the Baptist Church.
He was urbane and cultivated, a conscientious worker, an expansive conversationalist, the firm ruler of his home. Universal deference was paid him in his later years in Germantown. He was handsome and of courtly bearing, with a ruddy complexion and leonine white hair in his later years. His portrait as a young man was painted by John Neagle.
His first wife was Mary Ann E. Hancocks, who died during her eleventh confinement; his second wife was Amanda Gardiner, who bore him two children.
