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William was born of humble parents in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States probably in 1787. His father, John, was a carpenter who during William's boyhood worked for Benjamin H. Latrobe, and through this connection the son came to the notice of Latrobe, from whom he received his professional training.
He received his professional training from Latrobe.
In 1807 William accompanied his father to New York, where the latter was engaged in the remodeling of the Park Theatre, and here learned something of scene painting. Upon his return to Philadelphia, finding at the moment little demand for his services as an architect, he set himself up "as a sort of artist in general", selling landscapes when he could, painting scenery, making designs for carpenters and plasterers.
He became a competent engraver and aquatinter, executed a number of plates for the Port Folio and the Analectic Magazine - chiefly dealing with scenes and episodes of the War of 1812 - and made fourteen engravings from the drawings of David Porter to illustrate Porter's Journal of a Cruise Made to the Pacific Ocean 1812, 1813, and 1814.
He was not an educated man in any formal sense, but by nature he was endowed with a remarkable visual memory, good reasoning powers, and a skilful hand. That he was one of those men who can undertake successfully almost any kind of work is evidenced by his varied achievements in the fields of architecture and engineering. In the former field, he is remembered as an outstanding exponent of the Greek Revival in America, which had its first monument in the Bank of Pennsylvania, designed by his preceptor, Latrobe.
Judge John Kintzing Kane, who delivered an obituary oration on Strickland before the American Philosophical Society, which had elected him to membership in 1820, characterized his taste as disciplined in the severe harmonies of Grecian architecture, adding that he became a purist in art as he grew older, caring less and less for decoration.
This fact is illustrated by the contrast between his first building, the Masonic Temple, Philadelphia (so-called Gothic, 1810), and his later, coldly severe, Custom House, still standing. The latter, built for the Bank of the United States and completed in 1824, was modeled on the Parthenon. Strickland had a more graceful side, however, which appears in his Merchants' Exchange (1834), likewise in Philadelphia. This delightful building is unique because of its colonnade curved on plan, and because it is crowned with a copy of the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates. Colonial and early Federal architecture, harking back to Rome by way of England, France, and the Italian Renaissance, was committed to domes, but the Greek Revivalists could not use the dome, that most precious property of their predecessors, because there was no precedent for it in Greek architecture. Strickland substituted the Monument of Lysicrates, and has been called the inventor of this happy expedient. Among his other Philadelphia buildings were the first United States Custom House (1819), the New Chestnut Street Theatre (1822), St. Stephen's Church, a Jewish synagogue, the Friends' Lunatic Asylum, the United States Naval Asylum (1827), and the United States Mint (1829). In 1828 he designed a restoration, in wood, of the original steeple of the State House (Independence Hall); he designed the marble sarcophagus of Washington at Mount Vernon and certain alterations in Washington's tomb (1837), and at the time of his death was engaged on the Tennessee capitol, Nashville, beneath which distinguished work of the period he was buried. Concurrently with his architectural work, he was engaged in numerous significant engineering enterprises.
In 1824 he made a reconnaissance for the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal.
His view was considered altogether too impracticable for the Society to accept, and accordingly Judge Kane rewrote the last paragraphs of Strickland's report before publication.
Upon his return to the United States, Strickland became engineer for the Pennsylvania State Canal. He designed and built the Delaware Breakwater, begun in 1829, for the United States government, and in 1835 he made the survey for a railroad between Wilmington, Delaware, and the Susquehanna River.
He was subsequently one of the editors of Public Works of the United States of America (London, 1841). He died in 1854.
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
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(This book was digitized and reprinted from the collection...)
He became a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1820.
He was not an educated man in any formal sense, but by nature he was endowed with a remarkable visual memory, good reasoning powers, and a skilful hand.
