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Thomas Whittemore was born on January 2, 1871 in Cambridge, Massachussets, the only child of Joseph Whittemore, a real estate and insurance dealer, and Elizabeth (St. Clair) Whittemore, and grandson of the Rev. Thomas Whittemore, a prominent Universalist minister in Cambridge.
He attended local schools and Tufts College, and after receiving the B. A. degree in 1894, stayed on at Tufts as instructor in English, rising to professor in 1904. During this period he did some graduate work at Harvard (1895 - 1898) and reportedly also at Oxford.
Whittemore's interests turned increasingly toward the history of art, which he began to teach at Tufts in 1906. In January 1911 he left Tufts to join a British archaeological expedition in Egypt under the auspices of the Egypt Exploration Society. There he continued to excavate, at Abydos and Balabish, until the winter of 1915. With the advent of World War I, Whittemore became involved in a new activity. After service (1914 - 1915) with the French Red Cross, he found himself in the Balkans when the German advance of 1915 into Russia was creating thousands of homeless refugees. Whittemore hastened to Russia and embarked on a relief program. He returned to Boston in 1916 and organized a fund-raising committee, "Refugees in Russia, " chaired by the wife of architect Ralph Adams Cram. Whittemore directed the committee's operations in Russia from 1916 to 1918. Continuing his work in Russia after the Bolshevik revolution, he shifted in 1919 to refugee camps outside the Russian borders. The committee's subsequent increased emphasis on education was reflected in its being renamed Committee for the Education of Russian Youth in Exile; the project continued until 1931. Whittemore alsohelped promising anti-Bolshevik youths reach the West, often by a clandestine route, through Sofia or Constantinople. A man of independent means, he paid his own expenses throughout his years of relief work, in which he was exclusively engaged until about 1927. In that year he began teaching art history at New York University, where he remained until 1930, becoming an assistant professor. Whittemore's most important venture was the Byzantine Institute, which he organized in 1930. The list of sponsors, which included contributors to his Russian relief committee as well as others he had met during his frequent travels and numerous talks and lectures, reads like an international who's who of art, aristocracy, and money. Whittemore's message was that Christian art in the Near East, especially in Constantinople, was unknown, utterly magnificent, equal or superior to Western medieval art, and ought to be revealed and understood. From 1930 to 1932 he worked on and copied Coptic frescoes near the Red Sea. His principal objective, however, was to uncover the grand mosaics of the former church of the Hagia Sophia (Santa Sophia) at Constantinople, built by the emperor Justinian. The mosaics had long ago been covered by plaster and paint. In 1931 Whittemore obtained the permission of President Kemal Atatürk of Turkey to work in the building, long a mosque held in the greatest veneration; three years later it was declared a museum. There, and in other Byzantine churches in Istanbul, Whittemore worked for the rest of his life, spending half of each year raising money, publicizing his work, and building up the institute's Library of Byzantine Studies in Paris. The glorious mosaics of Hagia Sophia were painstakingly uncovered and consolidated. No restorations were made; Whittemore was adamant about that. Casts and other reproductions were carefully created for sale in support of the work, and excellent photographs were taken and published. Operations were begun in the smaller, later, but artistically important churches of the Chora (the Kariye Camii) and the Theotokos Pammakaristos (the Fetiye Camii). Work on publication was carried out in the Paris library, and by 1950 a dozen articles had appeared, as well as three volumes of preliminary reports on the mosaics of the Hagia Sophia. Several future experts in different aspects of Byzantine art were trained on Whittemore's scaffolding, and the work in Istanbul had other important connections, including the detailed architectural survey of the Hagia Sophia begun in 1937 by William Emerson and R. L. Van Nice. Through all this, Whittemore moved calmly and with supreme assurance. At the age of seventy-nine, Whittemore died of a heart attack while on a visit to the State Department in Washington, D. C. He was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge.
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A short, slight, intense man, bespectacled and usually rather grave, he was highly intelligent and did not always keep his opinions about failings in others to himself. He was at once abstemious, mysterious, elegant, pensive, and positive. He was an aesthete with an iron will. Some found him truly charming, others did not. He "knew" everyone and had entry everywhere he went.
Whittemore never married.
