The Old Testament in the Light of to-Day: A Study in Moral Development (1915)
(Originally published in 1915. This volume from the Cornel...)
Originally published in 1915. This volume from the Cornell University Library's print collections was scanned on an APT BookScan and converted to JPG 2000 format by Kirtas Technologies. All titles scanned cover to cover and pages may include marks notations and other marginalia present in the original volume.
The Cruise of the Corwin: Journal of the Arctic Expedition of 1881 in Search of De Long and the Jeanette
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The Cruise of the Corwin (Illustrated Edition) (Dodo Press)
(John Muir (1838-1914) was one of the first modern preserv...)
John Muir (1838-1914) was one of the first modern preservationists. His letters, essays, and books telling of his adventures in nature, and wildlife, especially in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, were read by millions and are still popular today. His direct activism helped to save the Yosemite Valley and other wilderness areas. The Sierra Club, which he founded, is now one of the most important conservation organizations in the United States. His writings and philosophy strongly influenced the formation of the modern environmental movement. His works include Picturesque California (1888), The Mountains of California (1894), Our National Parks (1901), The Grand Canon of the Colorado (1902), Stickeen (1909), My First Summer in the Sierra (1911), The Yosemite (1912), The Story of My Boyhood and Youth (1913), Travels in Alaska (1915), Letters to a Friend (1915), Steep Trails (1918) and Studies in the Sierra (1950).
William Frederic Bade was an American archeologist and a versatile scholar of wide interests.
Background
Badè was born on January 22, 1871, in Carver, Minnesota, and grew up a few miles northwest of there on a farm near Waconia, Minnesota, in the rural community associated with Zoar Moravian Church. He was the first of ten surviving children of William Bruns (1831-1902) and Anna Voigt Bade (1850-1910), immigrants from Germany. His father was a scholar who left Hanover for political reasons; on arriving in the United States in 1858 he worked on riverboats and later farmed. Anna Voigt immigrated from Prussia in 1868; they married at Carver in 1870.
Education
Bade attended public schools but also studied with a private tutor. He grew up speaking English and German and learned Greek and Latin as a boy. He attended Moravian College and the associated seminary, earning his way by playing organ and giving music lessons, attaining A. B. and B. D. degrees. He was ordained at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1894, and went on to Yale Divinity School to study ancient languages and Arabic, earning a second B. D. in 1895. After short pastoral appointments at Unionville, Michigan, and Chaska, Minnesota, he returned to Moravian College as instructor of Greek and German, earning his Ph. D from that institution in 1898 with a thesis on the Assyrian flood legends. He studied geology at Lehigh University (1901-1902). He also studied in Berlin (1905) and in Paris (1909). In adulthood, he could read 14 languages and converse fluently in seven.
He received honorary degrees from Pomona College (1922), Mills College (1925), and the University of Glasgow (1934).
Career
In 1896, after brief service as a pastor, he became an instructor at the Moravian College and Theological Seminary, teaching principally Greek and German. Two years later he was promoted to the rank of professor, his teaching including lectures on the Old Testament in the theological department and instruction in Hebrew, English, and German in the classical department. In 1902 he accepted a call to the chair of Semitic languages and Old Testament literature in Pacific Theological Seminary (later the Pacific School of Religion) at Berkeley, California, where he remained for the rest of his life. In addition to his teaching, he served the latter institution as dean (1922 - 28) and as acting president (1920 - 22, 1930). Attracted by the rebirth of Palestinian archeology after World War I, Bade undertook in 1926, with the aid of W. C. Gotshall, the excavation of Tell en-Nasbeh, a mound eight miles north of Jerusalem.
The outdoor labor, the element of adventure, and the scientific precision demanded of the archeologist appealed irresistibly to him. For the next ten years he lived strenuously, carrying on four more personally supervised campaigns of excavation of three or four months each at the same site, while at home, along with his teaching, he raised without public appeal the funds necessary for the enterprise. Besides two progress reports, he published A Manual of Excavation in the Near East (1934). His death prevented him from preparing the final publication of results, which appeared in 1947 in two volumes under the title Tell en-Nasbeh. Bade's findings were substantial. They demonstrated that, in all probability, Tell en-Nasbeh was the site of the Mizpah of Benjamin, which is frequently mentioned in the Old Testament in connection with Samuel and, after the Exile, as the capital of the province of Judea. The excavations provided a continuous picture of Hebrew life from about 1200 to 350 B. C. and also helped to determine the northern border of Judea. Badè's almost complete excavation of the site and his insistence on the value of quantity as well as quality of pottery in chronological determinations represent a distinct advance in method.
A close friend of the naturalist John Muir, Bade served as his literary executor, editing three volumes of an edition of his collected works and writing The Life and Letters of John Muir (2 vols. , 1924). Bade's other writings include his popular volume The Old Testament in the Light of To-day (1915), a critical and constructive interpretation of Old Testament moral and religious development down to the Exile. In 1915-16 he was chairman for California of the Commission for Relief in Belgium.
In 1928 he established the Palestine Institute at the Pacific School of Religion to further his archeological activities and preserve the results for future students.
Bade died at his home in Berkeley of arteriosclerosis. His ashes were scattered in a forest which he loved.
Achievements
As an archaeologist, he led the excavation of Tell en-Nasbeh in Palestine, now believed on the basis of his work to be the biblical city of Mizpah in Benjamin. A man of many talents, he was also an ordained Moravian minister, a professor of ancient languages, a theologian and bible scholar, a mountaineer, a conservationist and a naturalist.
In 1928 he established the Palestine Institute at the Pacific School of Religion to further his archeological activities and preserve the results for future students.
Membership
He was an active member of the Sierra Club, a frequent contributor to its Bulletin, which he edited from 1910 to 1922, and its president (1919 - 22).
Personality
Badè was tall, with a combined dignity, humor, and friendliness that made him everywhere welcome and won the audiences he addressed. He was a popular and effective teacher.
Interests
Bade had a deep love of the outdoors. He was happiest at an evening campfire in the Sierras, in California, or among the redwoods, where his wide acquaintance with flowers, trees, and the ways of animals made him a prized companion.
Connections
In 1906 he married Evelyn Marianne Ratcliff, who died in 1907, leaving a daughter, Evelyn Mary.
In 1917 Bade married Elizabeth Le Breton Marston of San Diego, who aided him in his archeological ventures. They had two children, Elizabeth Le Breton and William George.
