Career
This article is about a Polish historian and activist. Born on 28 September 1896 in Łódź, Lipiński became active in underground, patriotic, pro-independence Polish movements of the partition period. He started out in the scouting movement (1911), and joined the paramilitary Polish Rifle Squads (1912).
Then joined the precursor of the Polish intelligence, the Polish Military Organisation.
In 1918 the joined the regular Polish Army, and fought in the Polish-Ukrainian War (battle of Lwów) and then in the Polish-Soviet War (1919-1921), taking part in the Vilna offensive. In the interwar period, in 1927, he was promoted to major.
That year he joined the newly founded Military Bureau of History (Wojskowe Biuro Historyczne). In 1932 he becomes a chief editor of a publication (Niepodległość) of the Józef Piłsudski Institute for Research in Modern History of Poland, and in 1936, a director of the Institute.
From 1937 he lectured on the modern history of Poland at the University of LwóWest
Promoted to lieutenant colonel and retired in January 1939. After the German and Soviet invasions in September 1939, he was first attached to the Bureau of Propaganda at the Polish Headquarters, and then to the Propaganda Department in Warsaw, during the siege of Warsaw. He was one of the top Polish commanders during that siege, working closely with Walerian Czuma and Stefan Starzyński.
He issued daily radio speeches to the citizens of Warsaw.
Avoiding arrest after Germans captured Warsaw, he and his family escaped, first to Zakopane later that year, and next year, to Hungary. Instead, he became active in the Piłsudskiite Polish resistance.
In 1942 he returned to occupied Poland, founding the Konwent Organizacji Niepodległościowych. In 1944 he was arrested by the Nazis.
After Nazi Germans were pushed back by the Soviets, he joined the anti-Soviet resistance.
He was eventually arrested by the communist secret police (Urząd Bezpieczeństwa) on 7 January 1947. Sentenced to death in a staged trial in 1948, the sentence was changed to life sentence, he died in Wronki prison on 4 April 1949.