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(Excerpt from Visits in Other Lands Bunga is a boy who is...)
Excerpt from Visits in Other Lands Bunga is a boy who is older than you would think from his size. He was ten his last birth day; but he is only about as tall as you were at seven or eight. The reason he is so small is that he is a Negrito boy, and all the Negritos are small. If Bunga measures five feet when he grows up, he will be taller than most of the Negrito men. The Negritos are among the peoples of the world who are called pygmies. Pygmies are little people, smaller than the rest of us. They all have dark skin, and they live in far-away lands. Bunga's people are one group of the Negrito pygmies. Although Bunga's people are small, their muscles are strong from plenty of exercise. Their skin is chocolate-brown color, and their hair is black and very curly. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Wallace Walter Atwood was born on October 1, 1872 in Chicago, Ilinois, United States to Thomas Greene and Adelaide Adelia (Richards) Atwood. In the family Atwood the oldest of three children.
Both parents were natives of Massachusetts. Thomas Atwood, a descendant of John Wood (or Atwood), who had settled in Plymouth Colony in 1635, owned a planing mill in Chicago, having come there from Pittsfield, Massachussets, where he had been a builder and contractor.
Wallace Atwood graduated from Chicago's West Division High School and entered the University of Chicago, where as a student of Rollin D. Salisbury, he developed a strong interest in the geographical aspects of geology. After graduation in 1897, he stayed on for graduate study in geology and earned his doctorate in 1903.
While Atwood was studying at the university he was teaching at various Chicago schools to help earn his way. He also served under Salisbury as a junior assistant on the New Jersey Geological Survey (1897) and the Wisconsin Natural History Survey (1898-1899).
Atwood was appointed an instructor in the University of Chicago geology department in 1902, and the following year, after submitting a dissertation on the glaciation of the Uinta Mountains, he received the Ph. D. degree.
Atwood became a superb field teacher, coupling discovery methods with insistence on careful reasoning and clear writing. He also obtained appointments with the Illinois State Geological Survey and the United States Geological Survey.
In 1913, having risen to the rank of associate professor, Atwood left Chicago to become professor of physiography at Harvard. Atwood's principal scientific contributions grew out of the fieldwork of his Chicago and Harvard years. He chose to work in physiography (later called geomorphology), a research area primarily pursued by geologists, but cultivated for educational purposes by geographers, who perceived it as the foundation of human and regional geography. It was still largely a field science, in the distinctively American empirical tradition of the nineteenth-century topographical surveys of the West.
Atwood, one of the last geologist-geographers to work in this tradition, picked the Rocky Mountains, particularly the San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado, as his area of investigation. Between 1909 and 1948 he spent over twenty-five seasons in or near the Rockies, exploring, studying, and recording their geological and geographical characteristics, and getting to know them better than any other scientist then living. A popular teacher at Harvard, Atwood frequently led his students on local excursions and advanced field studies.
His generous grading policies and an inadequately supervised field trip to Mount Monadnock, however, put Atwood in the bad graces of President A. Lawrence Lowell, and when Lowell resisted his proposals for a school of geography, Atwood grew dissatisfied.
He had meanwhile become interested in writing school texts, and in 1916 signed a contract with Ginn and Company. When in 1919-1920 the Clark trustees were looking for a president to succeed both G. Stanley Hall in the university and Edmund C. Sanford in Clark College, Atwood was offered the combined posts, and with it a mandate to establish graduate and undergraduate programs in geography under his personal direction.
He took up his new duties in September 1920.
Atwood's presidency of Clark was marked by periodic outbreaks of controversy with students and faculty. Initial distrust was aroused by the grandiose plans for the new Graduate School of Geography. Its first year (1921 - 1922) budget exceeded 40 percent of all departmental appropriations put together, and Atwood announced at the same time, without consulting the faculty, plans to discontinue graduate work in several other fields.
Then in 1922 the "Nearing incident, " when Atwood personally stopped a public lecture being given by the radical socialist Scott Nearing transformed the issue from one of internal differences over educational policies into the broader one of academic freedom, and polarized students, faculty, alumni, and the larger community. For two years the campus was rent by agitation, and several prominent scholars publicly resigned; Atwood and the conservative trustees perceived the difficulties as a conspiracy organized by radical students and faculty. Relations between Atwood and his faculty stabilized during the 1930's, although internal disorders occurred in mid-decade in the psychology department and in the early 1940's in biology, in each case leading to the departure of nationally recognized scholars from Clark.
During Atwood's administration, the undergraduate Clark College was extended from a three-year program to the standard four years, an intercollegiate athletics program was begun, and a program in business administration was instituted. Enrollments increased significantly, as did the school's physical plant.
In 1942 the Women's College was established, and later a Division of Nursing Education.
The Division of International Affairs was set up at the graduate level. The development of geography, however, was clearly Atwood's primary interest at Clark; in retrospect, the fact of his being president and at the same time the head of a major graduate department had unfortunate consequences for Atwood and for the university.
To the science of geography, Atwood made three principal contributions.
Atwood himself taught regularly both in the field and in the classroom, and was notable for his infectious enthusiasm, his easy style of lecturing, and his technique of sketching landforms on the blackboard using both hands at once.
The first was the establishment of the Graduate School of Geography at Clark. This was only the second fully staffed, independent doctoral program in geography in any American university, and it remained for over fifty years the leading producer of geography doctorates, originally placing special emphasis on fieldwork, firsthand observation, land-use studies, and geographic education.
Atwood himself taught regularly both in the field and in the classroom, and was notable for his infectious enthusiasm, his easy style of lecturing, and his technique of sketching landforms on the blackboard using both hands at once. Among the school's innovations for which he was partly or fully responsible were the founding in 1925 of Economic Geography, a professional journal of worldwide circulation; a fall field camp for graduate students and faculty; and a widely imitated geography workroom, with an associated map library and cartographic facilities.
Atwood's second contribution was to geographic education at the grade school level. His series of geographies for elementary and junior high school students, most of them written in collaboration with Helen Goss Thomas, began in 1920 and by the time of his death had sold well over ten million copies.
Also useful for getting the new geography directly into the hands of teachers were Clark's home-study department, set up to provide correspondence courses, the Clark summer school, and a professorship in the teaching of geography. Atwood spoke before teachers' groups in every state, worked closely with the Worcester school system, and served a term as president of the National Council of Geography Teachers.
Atwood made his third contribution to geography as a skillful scientific popularizer.
His lifelong interest in conservation found reflection in his membership in the National Parks Association (president 1929 - 1933), the National Forestry Association, the Sierra Club, and the Save-the-Redwoods League.
Within the profession, he served as president of the Association of American Geographers in 1933-1934.
Atwood's retirement in 1946 occasioned little lessening of his activity.
That same year he was an incorporator and chairman of the board of trustees of the new Utopia College in Eureka, Kans.
He also worked with the American Council on Education on a project to develop teaching films in world geography.
In May 1949, at seventy-six, he was told that he was suffering from a malignancy which could not be successfully treated.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
(Excerpt from Visits in Other Lands Bunga is a boy who is...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
Atwood belonged to the Unitarian church.
Atwood was a Republican in politics. While being the President of Clark University he ordered to turn off the lights when Scott Nearing was addressing a Liberal Club on socialism on the campus of the University.
Atwood was dignified in appearance, with an aura of a cultivated man.
On September 22, 1900 Atwood married Harriet Towle Bradley, daughter of a Chicago lawyer, they had four children. Mrs. Atwood later regularly accompanied her husband on his worldwide travels and field researches.
