Background
Walter Bingham was born on October 20, 1880, in Swan Lake, Iowa, United States, the son of Lemuel Rothwell Bingham, a merchant, and Martha Evarts Tracy.
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Walter Bingham was born on October 20, 1880, in Swan Lake, Iowa, United States, the son of Lemuel Rothwell Bingham, a merchant, and Martha Evarts Tracy.
Walter skipped several grades and entered the University of Kansas in 1897 as the youngest member of his class, achieving a straight-A record. In 1898 he transferred to Beloit College in Wisconsin, from which he received the B. A. degree in 1901. Bingham entered the University of Chicago in 1905 and received the Ph. D. degree in 1908. During his graduate-school years he met many of the outstanding psychologists and philosophers of his time. At Chicago he was a student of both James R. Angell and John B. Watson. At Harvard, from which he received the M. A. degree in 1907, he worked with Hugo Münsterberg and E. B. Holt.
Bingham was an instructor in mathematics and physics at Beloit Academy from 1901 to 1904 and at Elgin High School in Illinois from 1904 to 1905. During a trip to Europe in the summer of 1907 he met Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang K(tm)hler, and Carl Stumpf in Berlin and Charles Spearman, Cyril Burt, and Charles S. Meyers in London. At Columbia, where he was an instructor at Teachers College from 1908 to 1910, he assisted Edward Thorndike and became acquainted with Franz Boas, J. McKeen Cattell, Adolf Meyer, and Robert Woodworth. From 1910 to 1915 Bingham was assistant professor of psychology at Dartmouth College. In 1915 he went to the Carnegie Institute of Technology to organize the first department of applied psychology in the United States. During his fourteen years at the institute he became a national leader in organizing cooperation between psychologists and businesses. In 1916 he founded the Bureau of Salesmanship Research (later the Bureau of Personnel Research). In 1917 he organized the Research Bureau for Retail Training.
During World War I Bingham helped to devise the first intelligence tests used by the United States Army in the classification of personnel. In 1921 he was influential in the founding of the Personnel Research Federation, an organization formed by a group of government agencies, national associations, university departments, and business concerns interested in the study of man in relation to his education and occupations. He was director of this bureau from 1924 to 1934.
Bingham left the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1924, when it discontinued graduate instruction in psychology and education. During this period Bingham was a consultant to the Western Electric Company (1924 - 1926), chairman of Herbert Hoover's committee on causes of accidents (1925 - 1926), editor of the Personnel Journal (1923 - 1939), member of the board of the occupational research program of the United States Employment Service (1934 - 1940), member of the advisory board of the personnel division of the Boy Scouts of America (1935 - 1952), and a director of the International Congress of Psychotechnics (1927 - 1952).
Throughout World War II he served as chief psychologist in the office of the adjutant general of the United States Department of War, and from 1949 until shortly before his death he served as consultant to the United States Secretary of Defense. L. L. Thurstone, who started his career in psychology as Bingham's assistant in 1915. Bingham died in Washington, D. C. ; the headstone of his burial place in Arlington National Cemetery has the inscription: "Architect of the Classification System of the Army, 1940-1947. "
Walter Bingham made significant contributions to intelligence testing of the US Army. His contribution on the army classification methods paved the development of the field of industrial psychology. In 1920, with Cattell and Thorndike, he founded the Psychological Corporation, was its president from 1926 to 1928, and remained one of its directors until his death. He was the author of over 200 articles and books. His major wark was "Aptitude and Aptitude Testing" (1937).
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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Quotations: "My own aim in life is to invest my energies in helping the well-adjusted to achieve their fullest usefulness. I have preferred to give a hand to the promising rather than to the third rate; to the emotionally stable, the strong and vigorous, the very bright, rather than to the weak, the unadjusted. "
Quotes from others about the person
"His [Bingham] manner was always quiet. His attention always looked beyond the annoyances of the moment toward the ultimate professional goals for every undertaking that he sponsored. He was always more than fair. He was generous to the point of self-effacement. He was modest in speaking of his own achievements but always proud of the work of his associates and staff. Although his conversation never turned to trivialities, he had nevertheless a subtle sense of humor. " - L. L. Thurstone
Bingham early became interested in music, which remained a hobby throughout his life. He experimented on the family reed organ as a boy, played the alto horn in the village band, sang in the college glee club, wrote his doctoral thesis on the nature of melody, and later published articles on musical aptitude.
On December 4, 1920, Bingham married Millicent Todd, a geographer of distinction as well as a writer on Emily Dickinson and her poetry. They had no children.
