Background
Cline, William Richard was born on October 30, 1941 in Denver, Colorado, United States. Son of John Russell and Marian Alice (Franklin) Cline.
(Now available directly from: IIE 11 Dupont Circle, NW...)
Now available directly from: IIE 11 Dupont Circle, NW Washington, DC 20036 Tel: (202) 328-9000 This book traces the origins of international debt and recent trends that burden it, including the effect of oil price shocks, high interest rates, and world recession. It examines the extent of the financial system's vulnerability, and the adequacy of bank regulation and of central bank coverage for emergency lending to international banks. Recent international rescue measures mounted for the major developing countries are discussed, and the prospects for orderly servicing of the debt during the next three years are reviewed under alternative assumptions about world economic conditions to determine whether the problem is one of short-term illiquidity or longer-term insolvency. The book also notes the implications of reduced bank lending for growth in developing countries and, by induced effects on trade, in industrial countries. It considers mainstream policy measures, especially increasing the resources of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, as well as more radical proposals, such as mandatory stretch-outs and write-downs of bank loans.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0881320153/?tag=2022091-20
(This study examines the costs and benefits of an aggressi...)
This study examines the costs and benefits of an aggressive programme of global action to limit greenhouse warming. An initial chapter summarizes the scientific issues from the standpoint of an economist. The analysis places heavy emphasis on efforts over a long run of 200 to 300 years, with much greater warming and damages than associated with the conventional benchmark (a doubling of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere). Estimates are presented for economic damages, ranging from agricultural losses and sea-level rise to loss of forests, water scarcity, electricity requirements for air conditioning, and several other major effects. A survey of existing model estimates provides the basis for calculation of costs of limiting emissions of greenhouse gases. After a review of the theory of term discounting in the context of very-long-term environmental issues, the study concludes with a cost-benefit estimate for international action and a discussion of policy measures to mobilize the global response.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/088132132X/?tag=2022091-20
(A Global Warming Forum: Scientific, Economic, and Legal O...)
A Global Warming Forum: Scientific, Economic, and Legal Overview provides an integrated, thematic approach to major critical aspects of the problem presented by global warming. Scientific issues; economics; natural resource management concerns; and legal, educational, and policy considerations are discussed within the context of arriving at solutions to global warming problems. Data and information is derived from diverse geographic locations, especially in the case history chapters requiring the use of integrated interdisciplinary methods. Graphs and tables are used extensively throughout the text to illustrate key concepts. A Global Warming Forum: Scientific, Economic, and Legal Overview is an excellent survey for researchers in all areas of geoscience and climate assessment, including geochemistry, oceanography, climatology, and resource management.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0849344190/?tag=2022091-20
( Humanity is risking the health of the natural environme...)
Humanity is risking the health of the natural environment through a myriad of interventions, including the atmospheric emission of trace gases such as carbon dioxide, the use of ozone-depleting chemicals, the engineering of massive land-use changes, and the destruction of the habitats of many species. It is imperative that we learn to protect our common geophysical and biological resources. Although scientists have studied greenhouse warming for decades, it is only recently that society has begun to consider the economic, political, and institutional aspects of environmental intervention. To do so raises formidable challenges of data modeling, uncertainty, international coordination, and institutional design.Attempts to deal with complex scientific and economic issues have increasingly involved the use of models to help analysts and decision makers understand likely future outcomes as well as the implications of alternative policies. This book presents in detail a pair of models of the economics of climate change. The models, called RICE-99 (for the Regional Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy) and DICE-99 (for the Dynamic Integrated Model of Climate and the Economy) build on the authors' earlier work, particularly their RICE and DICE models of the early 1990s. They can help policy makers design better economic and environmental policies.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0262640546/?tag=2022091-20
(This study shows how changes in trade policies in the Uni...)
This study shows how changes in trade policies in the United States and other industrial countries could help reduce poverty in developing countries. Cline first reviews the extent of global poverty and its relationship to trade and growth. He then examines to the key components of these relationships to identify lines of trade policy action that could help reduce global poverty. Cline's analysis includes two new efforts to benefit poor countries - the European Union's All but Arms initiative, and the United States' "African Growth and Opportunity Act - as well as an analysis of developing countries' access to markets in industrial countries' key sensitive sectors and a look at the problems of "tariff peaks" and "process protection." Cline discusses the trade and welfare effects of further multilateral trade liberalization and the impact of export growth on GDP growth in developing countries. The concluding chapter revisits the link between GDP growth and poverty reduction and provides estimates of the extent to which global poverty may be reduced over the next decade or two under alternative trade policy scenarios.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0881323659/?tag=2022091-20
(The United States has once again entered into a period of...)
The United States has once again entered into a period of large external imbalances. This time the current account deficit, at nearly 6 percent of GDP in 2004, is much larger than in the last episode, when the deficit peaked at about 3.5 percent of GDP in 1987. Moreover, the deficit is on track to become substantially larger over the next several years. This study examines whether the large and growing current account deficit is a problem, and if so, how the problem can be solved. A central policy conclusion of this study is that it is increasingly important that the United States reduce its external current account deficit. This deficit is no longer benign as it arguably was in the late 1990s when it was financing high investment instead of high consumption and large government dissaving.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0881323993/?tag=2022091-20
(The United States has once again entered into a period of...)
The United States has once again entered into a period of large external imbalances. This time the current account deficit, at nearly 6 percent of GDP in 2004, is much larger than in the last episode, when the deficit peaked at about 3.5 percent of GDP in 1987. Moreover, the deficit is on track to become substantially larger over the next several years. This study examines whether the large and gr...
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00EQBRSEU/?tag=2022091-20
(How will global warming affect developing countries, whic...)
How will global warming affect developing countries, which rely heavily on agriculture as a source of economic growth? William Cline asserts that developing countries have more at risk than industrial countries as global warming worsens. Using general circulation and agricultural impact models, Cline boldly examines 2070-99 to forecast the effects of global warming and its economic impact. This detailed study: outlines existing studies on the agricultural impact of climate change; estimates projected changes in temperature, precipitation, and agricultural capacity; and concludes with policy recommendations. Cline finds that agricultural production in developing countries may fall between 10 and 25 percent, and if global warming progresses unabated, India s agricultural capacity could fall as much as 40 percent. Thus, policymakers should address this phenomenon now before the world s developing countries are adversely and irreversibly affected.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0881324035/?tag=2022091-20
(In the debate over globalization's economic implications,...)
In the debate over globalization's economic implications, trade liberalization remains at the forefront of discussion, but in an important new book, award-winning author William Cline changes direction to focus on the overlooked but pertinent growth benefits of financial globalization. In a post-crisis environment, how dangerous is financial openness? Does the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 warrant major policy changes that affect the degree of financial openness? Through a chronological overview of the policy interventions implemented during the crisis, Cline - a noted financial expert - examines the role that the financial crisis will play in the construction of future policy and provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between financial globalization and economic growth. Cline asserts that financial globalization represents a significant factor in economic growth of emerging market economies. In his analysis of the fiscal legacies of the crisis, he looks at why financial sector innovation helped create a massive downturn in the economy rather than a period of growth. Ultimately, Cline argues that present-day GDP levels are a result of the cumulative influence of financial openness.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/088132499X/?tag=2022091-20
(Using VTK, a visualization tool was developed for TELEMAC...)
Using VTK, a visualization tool was developed for TELEMAC-2D, a hydro-informatic model used in estuarine research. The target audience was ocean scientists and computer scientists. By creating dynamic interactive environments, scientific visualization has an important role in ocean science, where large datasets with complex inter-relationships challenge meaningful analysis. Yet many researchers rely on TELEMAC's graphics post processor, although there seems to be a case for visualization to support investigation and add insight. TELEMAC-2D datasets of the Dyfi Estuary, Wales provided test data for the tool. Development of the tool included techniques to support exploration and analysis; uncertainty and validation, and computer capacity/memory management issues. Users evaluated the tool as having significant potential to deal with a complex estuarine environment. Areas of success included applicability to different computational domains; ability to complement the existing graphics module; effectiveness of the user interface; apparent validity of the visualizations, and the ability to build on the framework to provide users with enhanced tools to explore and understand data.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/3639200403/?tag=2022091-20
(Examines the economic costs/benefits of an international ...)
Examines the economic costs/benefits of an international programme to limit global warming from the greenhouse effect. The book reviews the science implications of global warming, and assesses expected economic damages from reduced agricultural production, sea-level rise and other effects.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0881321729/?tag=2022091-20
( These eight lectures by noted economist William Cline p...)
These eight lectures by noted economist William Cline provide a clear and concise account of some of the most important macroeconomic issues facing the world economy. Designed for the nonspecialist but a source of fresh insight for the specialist as well, the lectures synthesize the major trends in international economic policy for the 1990s. Major themes include domestic and international economic stagnation, adjustment to external imbalances, trade policy (including case studies of Japan and NAFTA), the debt crisis, reform in former communist states, the economic future of Europe, and environmental policy. Cline, who has made important contributions to the topics addressed, reviews the forces that have contributed to policy problems and then evaluates the prospects for resolution. He shows how an understanding of economics can help break down many policy problems into simple fundamentals, and how empirical evidence is the acid test of any policy theory. Cline's coverage of many of today's "hot" public policy issues is unique both in its accessibility and in its broadbrush approach to a set of concerns of immediate interest to economists, policymakers, and others concerned with international economic policy.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/026203221X/?tag=2022091-20
Cline, William Richard was born on October 30, 1941 in Denver, Colorado, United States. Son of John Russell and Marian Alice (Franklin) Cline.
AB Public Affairs summa cum laude, Princeton University, Princeton University, 1963. Master of Arts in Economics, Yale University, 1964. Doctor of Philosophy, Yale University, 1969.
Lecturer Princeton University, 1967-1969, assistant professor, 1969-1970. Ford Foundation visiting professor Brazilian Planning Ministry and University Sao Paulo, 1970-1971. Deputy director trade and development research United States Treasury Department, Washington, 1971-1973.
Senior fellow Brookings Institution, 1973-1981, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington, since 1982. President Economics International, Inc., since 1981. Deputy managing director, chief economist Institute International Finance, 1996—2001.
Senior fellow Center for Global Development, since 2002. Professorial lecturer Johns Hopkins School International Studies, 1981-1982, 84. Visiting lecturer Princeton University, 1983, 85.
Visiting professor Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, 1992-1994. Advisory board United States Export-Import Bank, 1986-1987.
( Humanity is risking the health of the natural environme...)
(In the debate over globalization's economic implications,...)
(Now available directly from: IIE 11 Dupont Circle, NW...)
(How will global warming affect developing countries, whic...)
(A Global Warming Forum: Scientific, Economic, and Legal O...)
( These eight lectures by noted economist William Cline p...)
(This study shows how changes in trade policies in the Uni...)
(Examines the economic costs/benefits of an international ...)
(This study examines the costs and benefits of an aggressi...)
(Using VTK, a visualization tool was developed for TELEMAC...)
(The United States has once again entered into a period of...)
(The United States has once again entered into a period of...)
(Book by Cline, William R.)
(Book by Cline, William R.)
(Book by Cline, William R.)
(Book by Cline, William R.)
(Book by Cline, William R.)
(Book by Cline, William R.)
(Book by Bergsten, C. Fred, Cline, William R.)
Author: Economic Consequences of a Land Reform in Brazil, 1970, Potential Effects of Income Redistribution, 1972, Trade Negotiations in the Tokyo Round, 1978, World Inflation and the Developing Countries, 1981, International Debt: Systemic Risk and Policy Response, 1984, The United States-Japan Economic Problem, 1985, Exports of Manufactures From Developing Countries, 1984, The Future of World Trade in Textiles and Apparel, 1987, Informatics and Development, 1987, United States External Adjustment and the World Economy, 1989, The Economics of Global Warming, 1992, International Economic Policy in the 1990s, 1994, International Debt Reexamined, 1995, Trade and Income Distribution, 1997, Trade Policy and Global Poverty, 2004, The United States as a Debtor Nation, 2005, Global Warming and Agriculture, 2007, Financial Globalization, Economic Growth and the Crisis of 2007-2009, 2010.
The common theme of my work has been the application of theory and quantita-
tive modelling to the examination of policy issues in international and development economics. My early work focussed on distributional issues, using production functions and land-use patterns to simulate the impact of hypothetical land reform in Brazil, and applying empirical consumption functions and input-output relationships to simulate growth effects of income redistribution, in both cases challenging conventional views of adverse effect. In the mid-1970s, my work concentrated on international economics with implications for developing countries: the effects of international floating exchange rates on developing countries, quantitative effects of trade negotiations, proposals for a new economic order, and consequences of world inflation for developing countries.
The principal laboratory for my work on development has been Latin America, the subject of ongoing consulting work. In 1982-1931 returned to an early empirical interest — debt servicing capacity of developing countries — and carried out projections of balance of payments and debt for major debtor countries to determine whether the debt crisis of the early 1980s was one of temporary illiquidity or fundamental insolvency. I have found computer-based simulation, often on a data-intensive basis, to be a useful means of narrowing the range of debate.
Work on issues such as international debt and trade policy has also suggested the importance of taking political as well as economic factors into account.
Member American Economic Association, Council Foreign Relations.
Married Ruth Eleanor Harwood, June 10, 1967. Children: Alison Margaret, Marian Harwood.