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Epidemic Cerebro-spinal Meningitis And Its Relation To Other Forms Of Meningitis: A Report To The State Board Of Health Of Massachusetts
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This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923....)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections
such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact,
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Epidemic Cerebro-spinal Meningitis And Its Relation To Other Forms Of Meningitis: A Report To The State Board Of Health Of Massachusetts
Massachusetts. State Board of Health, William Thomas Councilman, Frank Burr Mallory, James Homer Wright
Wright & Potter Printing Co., state printers, 1898
Meningitis, Cerebrospinal
A Study of the Bacteriology and Pathology of Two Hundred and Twenty Fatal Cases of Diphtheria (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from A Study of the Bacteriology and Pathology of...)
Excerpt from A Study of the Bacteriology and Pathology of Two Hundred and Twenty Fatal Cases of Diphtheria
AS a rule the autopsies in our cases were made a short while after death and the tissues were in a good state of preservation. All tissues were rejected for histological ex amination in which there-appeared to be any post mortem change. At the autopsy, routine bacteriological examina tions were made from the throat, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and lymph nodes, though this was modified in certain cases. While, in the main, the results Obtained from these routine examinations can be regarded as correct, there is no doubt that certain organisms Often were overlooked. But the results certainly are correct as regards the presence of diphtheria bacilli and the common pyogenic organisms.
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William Thomas Councilman was an American pathologist.
Background
William Thomas Councilman was born on January 1, 1854 in Pikesville, Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. He was the fourth of five children, two daughters and three sons. He was descended from Christopher Councilman, who emigrated to America from Holland early in the eighteenth century. He always regarded it as fortunate that he had grown up on a busy farm, for he acquired an ardent love of nature which endured throughout his life, his greatest passion being for fine trees.
Education
At the age of sixteen, he left St. John's College, Annapolis, and after several business ventures, settled down to the study of medicine in the University of Maryland, following in the footsteps of his father, a Yale graduate, who had also studied medicine at this school. Councilman was graduated in 1878 at the age of twenty-four.
Career
It was in Martin's laboratory that Councilman became impressed with the essential value of good teaching and formed the conviction that research could be combined with it successfully, a point of view he often stressed in his own teaching days.
While in Martin's laboratory he carried out a research on inflammation of the cornea, then a controverted subject, and upheld Cohnheim's view that the pus cells present are emigrated white corpuscles from the blood.
Councilman began his connection with the local quarantine station, where he saw much of malaria, and with Bay View Asylum, where he performed many autopsies. Pathology, not practical medicine, captured his fancy, although at this time remunerative positions for teaching that subject scarcely existed in America. The years from 1880 to 1882-83 he spent in the study of pathology with Chiari in Vienna, Cohnheim and Weigert in Leipzig, and von Recklinghausen in Strassburg.
Returning to Baltimore in 1883, he became fellow in Martin's laboratory and occupied himself with pathology. He confirmed Laveran's discovery of the malarial parasite, being the first in America to describe and picture the microorganism, and he was on the ground when William H. Welch took up the duties as professor of pathology at the Johns Hopkins University in the autumn of 1885. The two men joined forces, Councilman becoming first associate in pathology and then associate professor of pathology (1887 - 92).
With the opening of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889, Councilman became resident pathologist and found the opportunity to investigate amoebic dysentery, then a rare disease in the United States.
In 1892 he was called to the Harvard Medical School as Shattuck Professor of Pathology, the first professor to have been called from a distance by that school. He proceeded at once to unite the pathology at the Boston City and Massachusetts General hospitals with the school laboratory, thus producing a very strong department for teaching and research.
Work was stimulated and investigations carried out by him and his students on diphtheria, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, smallpox, and other diseases.
In 1916 Councilman joined Hamilton Rice's expedition to the sources of the Amazon, which afforded him an opportunity to study the diseases of the tropics. In 1921 he resigned the Harvard professorship, becoming professor emeritus. In 1923 he was visiting professor of pathology at the Union Medical College in Beijing, China. After this he returned to his first passion, namely love of nature, and devoted himself to the study of diseases of plants. An opportunity for this work was afforded him at the Arnold Arboretum.
Besides many articles in medical journals he published Pathology: A Manual for Students and Teachers (1912) and Disease and Its Causes (1913).
He died at the age of seventy-nine at York Village, Maine. He had suffered from attacks of angina after his trip to the Amazon.
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Membership
He was fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the National Academy of Sciences and of many pathological, bacteriological, and medical societies.
Personality
Councilman was a large, genial man, rugged in appearance, of florid complexion, possessed of keen powers of observation of persons and things. There was an unexpectedness in his turn of thought and an independence in his judgment that always arrested attention.
Connections
On December 17, 1894, he was married to Isabella Coolidge of Boston. They had three daughters, Isabella, Christiana, and the youngest, Elizabeth, who became a doctor of medicine.