Davis received a bachelor of science degree from Harvard University in 1869 and a master of engineering degree in 1870. While he never completed his Doctor of Philosophy, he was appointed to his first full professorship in 1890 and remained in academia and teaching throughout his life.
Davis received a bachelor of science degree from Harvard University in 1869 and a master of engineering degree in 1870. While he never completed his Doctor of Philosophy, he was appointed to his first full professorship in 1890 and remained in academia and teaching throughout his life.
List of geographical lantern slides: Prepared for use in the Cambridge public schools
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Praktische übungen in physischer geographie (German Edition)
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Physical Geography. By W. M. Davis ... Assisted by William Henry Snyder. With Plates.
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Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine: A preliminary catalogue of the plants growing on Mount Desert and the adjacent islands
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Geographical Illustrations: Suggestions for Teaching Physical Geography Based on the Physical Featur
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(Professor William Ferrel of Washington. To his remarkable...)
Professor William Ferrel of Washington. To his remarkable insight and ingenious analysis we owe the best part of the understanding of general atmospheric processes that has yet been reached. Those who here first come to know something of the science of the atmosphere, and who are perhaps thus brought to desire further acquaintance with it, should not fail to study TT erreP sP opular Treatise on theW inds, in which his more mathematical essays are reduced to a simpler form. Yet after Ferrel, an almost equal indebtedness must be acknowledged toP rofessor Julius Hann of Vienna, from whose broad and accurate studies I have found assistance at every turn. His Klimatologie, the standard work of the kind, and his numerous special articles, have furnished me with much information as well as with many well-defined examples of meteorological conditions and processes. The names of many other meteorologists to whom acknowledgment is due come to mind while revising the pages of this book, which presents the condensed results of my reading, observing and teaching during the last fifteen years. Some of these names are mentioned on the appropriate pages, but in general-1 have not attempted to make explicit reference to the sources of information that have been consulted, believing that in a school book, as this is primarily intended to be, such references are not of much value, especially as they too commonly lead to som;es of information inaccessible in school libraries. A personal acknowledgment must, however, be made here toM r. H. H. Clayton, of Blue Hill Observatory, for assistance in connection with the chapter on clouds ;to Mr. Alexander McA die, of theW eather Bureau in Washington, for his advice in the sections on atmospheric electricity ;and toM r. E. DeC. Ward, successor of Professor Harrington as editor of the American Meteorological Journal, for many suggestion
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(Excerpt from Excursions Around Aix-Les-Bains
IN order to...)
Excerpt from Excursions Around Aix-Les-Bains
IN order to gain a clear idea of the district about aix-les-bains and to plan a series of excursions from which much interest and exhilara tion may be gained, the visitor should lose no time in ascending to a near-by hill or ridge crest (see Excursions 1 and whence a good view may be Obtained and the general lay of the land examined. One who has already made some such ascents can do good service to later comers by leading them as promptly as possible to the best points of view that he has enjoyed.
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William Morris Davis was an American geographer, geologist, geomorphologist, and meteorologist. He is often referred to as the "father of American geography."
Background
Davis was born on February 12, 1850, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, into a Quaker family. He was the son of Edward M. Davis and Maria Mott Davis. His father, a Philadelphia businessman, was expelled from the society for enlisting in the Union army during the War Between the States. His mother was the daughter of Lucretia Mott, an early and strenuous worker for women’s rights and a firm antagonist of slavery. She resigned from the Society of Friends shortly after the expulsion of her husband from the group.
Education
Davis received a bachelor of science degree from Harvard University in 1869 and a master of engineering degree in 1870. While he never completed his Doctor of Philosophy, he was appointed to his first full professorship in 1890 and remained in academia and teaching throughout his life.
Shortly after graduation Davis went to the national observatory at Córdoba, Argentina, as a meteorologist. After three years he returned to the United States and served on the Northern Pacific survey as an assistant to Raphael Pumpelly. In 1877 he was appointed assistant to Nathaniel S. Shaler, professor of geology at Harvard College. From 1879 to 1885 he was instructor in geology at Harvard and in 1885 was appointed assistant professor of physical geography. In 1890 he became full professor of physical geography and in 1898 was appointed Sturgis Hooper professor of geology, becoming emeritus in 1912. He was a visiting professor at Berlin University in 1908 and at the University of Paris in 1911.
After retirement from Harvard, Davis devoted his time to field studies and to writing, and served as visiting lecturer at the University of California at Berkeley (1927-1930), the University of Arizona (1927-1931), Stanford University (1927-1932), the University of Oregon (1930), and the California Institute of Technology (1931-1932). He held honorary degrees from the universities of the Cape of Good Hope, Melbourne, Greifswald, and Christiana (Oslo). Davis was a founding member of the Geological Society of America, its acting president in 1906, and its president in 1911. He was instrumental in founding the Association of American Geographers and served as its president in 1904, 1905, and 1909. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the National Academy of Sciences, the Imperial Society of Natural History (Moscow), and the New Zealand Institute. He was an honorary or a corresponding member of more than thirty scientific societies throughout the world and received more than a dozen medals and citations for his work.
Davis’ contributions are in the separate but related fields of meteorology, geology, and geography (now better called geomorphology) and in their teaching at the high school and college levels. He was active in all these fields throughout his life, although the emphasis changed. Geological studies dominated his early publications (1880-1883). During the decade beginning in 1884 he produced some forty meteorological studies. Davis’ first published concern with geography, which was one of his few collaborative works, was done with Shaler and focused on the role of glaciers in fashioning the landscape. In 1889, with the publication of “The Rivers and Valleys of Pennsylvania,” he laid the cornerstone of his greatest contribution to physical geography: the “Davisian system” of landscape analysis. To this subject he devoted much of his scholarly energy for the rest of his life.
From the time he joined the Harvard faculty, Davis was concerned with teaching, particularly of meteorology and physical geography. Not only were his formal courses centered on these subjects, but he was active in promoting them as proper pursuits of learning in both secondary schools and colleges. During the years from 1893 to 1903 he actively expressed this concern in seventeen papers on the subject.
After his retirement from Harvard, Davis turned his attention to the development of coral reefs and coralline islands. His long monograph The Coral Reef Problem (1928) was the culmination of long study during the course of which he traveled to the south-western Pacific and to the Lesser Antilles. The volume stands as an exhaustive summary of the facts then known, the several hypotheses up to then advanced to explain them, and his own views on the role of ocean floor subsidence and the shifting sea levels of the Pleistocene in the origin of the coral reefs.
In 1930 Davis’ paper “Origin of Limestone Caverns” developed the still-accepted interpretation that caves as we now see them have passed through two stages in their development.
Darwin had introduced the idea of organic evolution in 1859, and Davis extended the idea of development of one living form from a pre-existing form to the inorganic world of physical geography. Davis apparently was fully persuaded of the gradual and systematic evolution of topographical forms, and introduced the erosion cycle to “trace the development of river systems from their ancient beginning to the present time.”
The cycle of erosion influenced the work of many geologists. Almost immediately after the introduction of the concept, reports analyzing landscape and reconstructing earth history by use of the Davisian analysis of landforms began to appear in the geological journals. Such studies continued to appear throughout Davis’ lifetime and until the 1940’s.
Membership
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. French Academy of Sciences. American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
National Academy of Sciences.
Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Lincean Academy; American Philosophical Society.
American Philosophical Society
,
United States
French Academy of Sciences
,
France
Lincean Academy
,
Italy
Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
,
Norway
Prussian Academy of Sciences
,
Germany
Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters
,
Denmark
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
,
Sweden
United States National Academy of Sciences
,
United States
American Association of Geographers
,
United States
Geological Society of America
,
United States
Connections
In 1879 Davis married Ellen B. Warner of Springfield, Massachusetts. After her death he married Mary M. Wyman of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and after her death he married Lucy L. Tennant of Milton, Massachusetts, who survived him.