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William Douglass was born in 1691 in the town of Gifford, Haddington County, Scotland. He was the second child of George Douglass, “portioner” of Gifford and factor for the Marquis of Tweeddale. He was born in the town of Gifford, Haddington County, Scotland.
Douglass apparently received a liberal education for he was familiar with Greek, Latin, Dutch, French, and English, and was known to have studied medicine at Edinburgh, Leyden.
Wlth the Civil War came his great opportunity. Douglass thundered against slavery as its real cause, he offered black men as soldiers and pleaded with black men to give their services. He assisted in recruiting the celebrated 54th and 55th Massachusetts colored regiments, giving his own sons as first recruits. Lincoln called him into conference and during Reconstruction, Douglass agitated in support of suffrage and civil rights for the freedmen. His last years were spent in ease and honor. He was successively secretary of the Santo Domingo Commission, marshal and recorder of deeds of the District of Columbia, and finally United States minister to Haiti.
He was active to the very close of his career, having attended a woman-suffrage convention on the day of his death. Paris. He came under the influence of Pitcairn, the leading physician of Scotland in his day, and was at Leyden during the supremacy of Boerhaave. In his writings he refers to himself as a medical graduate, but whether he received his degree from Edinburgh or Leyden is not known.
After a trip to the West Indies, he settled in Boston in 1718. He was first heard of in the colony in connection with the inoculation controversy. Early in the summer of 1721 a severe epidemic of smallpox broke out in Boston, and Zabdiel Boylston was prevailed upon by Cotton Mather to carry out inoculations for smallpox during the epidemic. Douglass disapproved strongly of the practise and was the more concerned since he had, “sometime before the small-pox arrived, lent to a credulous vain Preacher, Mather, Jr. , the Philosophical Transactions Nos. 339 and 377 which contain Timonius’ and Pylermus’ account of Inoculation from the Levant”. Douglass held that inoculation might spread smallpox, and he accordingly published a series of four controversial “inoculation” pamphlets, three of which were anonymous. In 1751, when he finally became convinced of the value of the procedure, he wrote, “The novel practice of procuring the small-pox by inoculation, is a very considerable and most beneficial improvement in that article of medical Practice”. His chief claim to recognition as a physician rests on his masterly description of an epidemic of scarlet fever, The practical History of a New Epidemical Eruptive Miliary Fever, in Boston New England in the Years 1735 and 1736 (1736). From his account it is clear that this was a genuine epidemic of scarlet fever, and is indeed the first adequate clinical description of the disease, for it antedates that of John Fothergill by twelve years. Douglass described fully the eruption and desquamation, and spoke of the greater susceptibility of children and young persons. He moreover carried out necropsies on individuals dead of the disease.
He wrote, A Summary, Historical and Political, of the First Planting, Progressive Improvements and Present State of the British Settlements in North America, and a treatise on economics entitled, A Discourse Concerning the Currencies of the British Plantations in America, etc. The Summary, which was written at odd times stolen from his professional work, was often based upon hearsay and tradition since but few documented sources were available to him, and it is therefore marred by many inaccuracies, but it contains a great mass of information on a variety of subjects and is an important source book of early colonial history (Bullock). In his Discourse Douglass showed a sound grasp of the principles of exchange, a clear understanding of Gresham’s law, and he stated in no uncertain terms that the colony must adhere to the “universal commercial medium” if it is to have dealings with foreign nations.
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In 1884 Douglass married Helen Litts.
