Background
William Gott was born on August 13, 1897, United Kingdom.
William Gott was born on August 13, 1897, United Kingdom.
Educated at Harrow School, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the King's Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC) in 1915, and served with distinction with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France during the Great War. His nickname "Strafer" was a pun on the German war slogan Gott strafe England (God punish England).
He was promoted to the rank of captain in January 1921 and attended Staff College from January 1931. He was promoted major in July 1934 (having been made a brevet major earlier in January. His service between the World Wars included a posting as adjutant to a territorial battalion and a period of postings in India as a general staff officer (GSO2) and Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General.
Having been promoted lieutenant-colonel in October 1938 to command the 1st Battalion KRRC on its transfer from Burma to Egypt to become part of the Mobile Division (later to become 7th Armoured Division),Mead, p. 176. Gott enjoyed a remarkably rapid promotion path: he was successively chief staff officer of the division (General Staff Officer, Grade I) ranked lieutenant-colonel) commander of the Support Group as acting brigadier, and General Officer Commanding (acting major-general) of the 7th Armoured Division (the Desert Rats). While under Gott's command the Support Group performed well during the Italian invasion of Egypt, conducting a planned withdrawal, and the subsequent Operation Compass which saw the destruction of the Italian Tenth Army. Following the arrival of German troops in North Africa the British Commonwealth forces were pushed back to the Libyan border with Egypt where Gott was placed in command of a mixed force to plan and conduct Operation Brevity which was unsuccessful. A subsequent larger scale operation, Operation Battleaxe in which the support Group also took part was also a failure and led to a reorganisation of the commands in the Western Desert which included Gott's promotion to command the 7th Armoured Division.Mead, p. 177.
In late 1941 the next major Commonwealth offensive, Operation Crusader, took place. Although ultimately the operation was a success for British Eighth Army, 7th Armoured Division was heavily defeated by the Africa Corps at Sidi Rezegh in November 1941.Mead, p.178.
Gott's permanent rank had been made up to full colonel in October 1941 and he was promoted to acting lieutenant-general and given command of XIII Corps in early 1942. He led the corps in the battles of Gazala and First Alamein.
In August 1942, Prime Minister Winston Churchill removed General Sir Claude Auchinleck as Commander-in-Chief Middle East and acting General Officer Commanding Eighth Army. Gott's aggressive, somewhat impetuous personality appealed to Churchill, and he was strongly recommended by Anthony Eden, who had served with Gott in World War I. Gott was chosen to take over Eighth Army. This was despite the reservations of Auchinleck and General Sir Alan Brooke,Alanbrooke, p. 294. the Chief of the Imperial General Staff. Brooke knew Gott very well and had a high opinion of his abilities.Alanbrooke, p. 290. However, a number of factors, including a personal interview with Gott on 5 August (during which Gott had revealed that he had "...tried most of his ideas on the Boche. We want someone with new ideas and plenty of confidence in them."Alanbrooke, p. 292.), led Brooke to conclude that Gott was tired and had temporarily lost his drive having been in the desert since the start of the war.Alanbrooke, pp. 290 & 292. He also felt that Gott needed more experience before taking an army command.
A big man with an aggressive, outgoing personality, he was popular with soldiers under his command, but as a senior commander he was considered by some to be out of his depth. John Bierman and Colin Smith say that Gott was much admired for his personal qualities, but lacked real military skill. He was one of the few senior officers who was "well known and well liked by the rank and file". However, "a cold appraisal of his soldiering in North Africa reveals no stunning display of tactics or Rommel-esque grip that bends scarred and exhausted men to the will of the born leader."