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William Mills was born on April 22, 1851 in Freehold, New Jersey, United States, the son of Augustus and Sarah (Mills) Ivins. He was a descendant on his father's side of Isaac Ivins, an English Quaker who settled in Mansfield, New Jersey, in 1711; his ancestry on his mother's side was French Huguenot.
During his early boyhood, his parents moved to Brooklyn, New York, where Ivins was educated at Adelphia Academy. Later, he entered the law school of Columbia University, from which he was graduated in 1873.
After graduation Ivins was employed for a brief while by the publishing firm of D. Appleton & Company.
He was admitted to the bar in 1873. Early in his career Ivins took an active interest in political reform and was a member of the group which forced the retirement in 1880 of Hugh McLaughlin, the head of the so-called "Brooklyn Ring. "
William R. Grace, shortly after his election in 1880 as mayor of New York City, appointed Ivins his private secretary and later, city chamberlain. His expert knowledge of municipal and financial administration was acquired in this office, as was also his abiding hatred of the Tammany chieftains. From 1886 to 1888 he was also judge-advocate general of the state of New York.
In February 1889 he resigned as city chamberlain to become a partner in the firm of W. R. Grace & Company, the leading South American merchants of the day, but shortly, tiring of commercial life, resumed the practice of law, resolving at the same time to devote his energy and ability to the cause of political reform.
In 1890 the committee on cities of the New York Senate, undertaking a study of the administration of cities, retained the firm of Tracy, McFarland, Ivins, Boardman & Platt as counsel. Ivins was very active in the investigation, and the report of the committee, which has become a classic of its kind, was in large measure the product of his labor. In 1907, under commission from the legislature, he drafted a revised charter for New York City which, though it was not adopted, is still followed as a model. For ten years he worked to have the blanket ballot adopted in New York City and he was successful in having the first Australian-ballot reform bill passed through the legislature.
In 1905 he accepted the Republican nomination for mayor of New York City, with the admittedly forlorn hope of keeping Tammany out of the City Hall, and in the election received 137, 049 votes to 228, 851 for McClellan and 225, 166 for Hearst. He offered his services as counsel to Hearst in the recount forced by Hearst's charges of ballot-box stuffing, and, four years later, when Hearst ran again for mayor, Ivins managed his campaign.
His skill at cross-examination was first revealed in his examination of Richard Croker and was permanently established by two subsequent victories; his successful representation, in 1893, of the Brazilian government in a boundary dispute with the Argentine Republic, and his volunteered defense of the Cuban rebel Garcia, arrested in New York for violating the neutrality laws of the United States. In the latter case the jury, after deliberating five minutes, returned a verdict of not guilty.
Ivins' most notable performance in this field came, however, in 1915, when he was employed by William Barnes, Jr. , to represent him as counsel in the Roosevelt-Barnes libel suit. After months of preparation, he kept Roosevelt on the witness stand over forty hours, subjecting him to a merciless and subtle cross-examination. The jury deliberated for two days; but finally, to Ivins' great disappointment, brought in a verdict for Roosevelt.
The physical strain of the trial coupled with the after effects of an attack of jungle fever contracted several years before during a trip to the rubber districts of the Amazon, caused Ivins' death in 1915.
William Mills Ivins Sr. was a pioneer in the movement for modern public service commission acts and many of the reforms for which he stood have been adopted in different states. As special counsel to the New York Public Service Commission in 1907 he was notably successful in the services he rendered during the investigation of the Interborough-Metropolitan and Brooklyn Rapid Transit systems. He tried to complete the introduction of the secret ballot (Australian Ballot) to fight corruption. Ivins is also the author of Machine Politics and Money in Elections in New York City.
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As a reformer, Ivins interested himself in three problems: the reform of the election laws, control of public utilities, and the reform of municipal government.
Ivins was also member of the Honest Ballot Association, the City Reform Club and others.
William Mills Ivins Sr. was an accomplished linguist, knowing intimately French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese.
On February 3, 1879, Ivins married Emma Laura Yard, the daughter of James Sterling Yard of Freehold and Trenton, New Jersey. He left two sons and two daughters.
