Background
Knudsen was born on March 25, 1879 in Copenhagen, Denmark. His name was originally Signius Wilhelm Poul Knudsen.
Knudsen was born on March 25, 1879 in Copenhagen, Denmark. His name was originally Signius Wilhelm Poul Knudsen.
He received a technical education.
He was a bicycle mechanic in his native Denmark. He passed through New York's Ellis Island in 1900. After changing his name to William S. Knudsen, he worked in shipyards and railroad shops, then joined Buffalo's John R. Keim Mills, a leading manufacturer of pressed steel parts for the automotive industry.
From Ford to GM Keim was bought by Ford Motor Company in 1911, and Knudsen was called to Detroit in 1913 to expand his employer's nationwide network of assembly plants. He directed Ford's mass production of submarine chasers (Eagle boats) during World War I.
In 1919 and 1920 he drew up a basic plan for internationalizing Ford production and had control of Ford affairs in Europe. But Henry Ford came to resent his subordinate's independent manner, and Knudsen, in turn, resented Ford's interference with his work.
Leaving Ford in 1921, he became general manager of a Detroit factory making auto parts and stove trimmings. In 1922 Knudsen was offered employment by General Motors. He joined GM at $30, 000 and within a month became vice-president in charge of operations at Chevrolet Motor Division-his salary: $50, 000 per year.
Knudsen was named president of Chevrolet in 1924, and his car's impressive sales gains helped persuade Henry Ford to abandon his longtime front-runner, the Model T, in favor of the Model A. Ford's protracted changeover enabled Chevrolet, abetted by a new six-cylinder engine, to assume sales leadership for the first time in 1927-1928. Ford regained the top rung in 1929-1930, after which Chevrolet resumed sales supremacy for the remainder of the pre-World War II era.
Knudsen was rewarded with a promotion to GM's executive vice-presidency in charge of U. S. /Canadian car and body manufacturing in 1933 and the corporation's presidency in 1937.
In May 1940 Knudsen was asked by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to join the advisory commission to the Council of National Defense. In accepting the unpaid assignment over the objection of Chairman Sloan, Knudsen sacrificed an annual income of $300, 000.
Production humming smoothly, Knudsen resigned his commission on June 1, 1945. Re-elected to GM's board of directors on July 2, Knudsen inspected the corporation's war-torn European plants, then suggested to Sloan that he be appointed "inspector general" for GM factories worldwide. Sloan, noting that Knudsen had reached the company's mandatory retirement age of 65, rejected the request.
Still, Knudsen served as general chairman of the Automotive Industry Golden Jubilee celebration in Detroit in 1946 and was chairman briefly of Detroit's Hupp Corporation.
He forged a distinguished industrial career, opening assembly plants, directing a World War I boatbuilding program, and masterminding postwar European expansion for Ford Motor Company. Knudsen was director general of the Office of Production Management and the director of war production for the Department of War, becoming in the process the first civilian appointed to the rank of lieutenant general in the Army.
Knudsen was awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal "for exceptionally meritorius and distinguished service in the performance of duties of great responsibility. " Knudsen was awarded Denmark's highest honor, the Grand Cross of Danneborg, by King Christian X in 1945, at which time a plaque was affixed to his birthplace in Copenhagen. He also received the American Campaign Medal, and World War Two Victory Medal for his wartime service. Knudsen was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1968. Knudsen Elementary School in Waterford, Michigan is named for him.
He was a member of Epiphany Lutheran Church (LCMS) in Detroit, and contributed greatly to LCMS projects around the Detroit area, including buildings for Epiphany Lutheran Church, Outer Drive Faith Lutheran Church, and the Evangelical Lutheran Institute for the Deaf.
Quotations: Knudsen said, "We won because we smothered the enemy in an avalanche of production, the like of which he had never seen, nor dreamed possible. "
He was tall, sturdy, and spoke English with a marked Danish accent. He was keen-eyed, tough, and possessed of a strong temper (he could boom out "hurry up" to workers in 15 languages).
Knudsen and his wife, Clara, married in 1911 and had one son and three daughters. The son, Semon E. "Bunkie, " was a GM executive vice-president from 1966 to 1968, Ford president in 1968 and 1969, and White Motor Corporation chairman from 1971 to 1980.
