( About the Book Government provides the framework for go...)
About the Book Government provides the framework for governing an organized community or state polity with powers derived from financial, military and civil laws. The objective of government is to achieve an appropriate level of welfare for the civilians. Generally, government consists of legislative, executive, and judiciary branches, and is the means by which government policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining government policy. About us Leopold Classic Library has the goal of making available to readers the classic books that have been out of print for decades. While these books may have occasional imperfections, we consider that only hand checking of every page ensures readable content without poor picture quality, blurred or missing text etc. That's why we: • republish only hand checked books; • that are high quality; • enabling readers to see classic books in original formats; that • are unlikely to have missing or blurred pages. You can search "Leopold Classic Library" in categories of your interest to find other books in our extensive collection. Happy reading!
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(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
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(Excerpt from Annual Report of the President of the Wester...)
Excerpt from Annual Report of the President of the Western Union Telegraph Company to the Stockholders: Submitted to and Approved by the Board of Directors, at Their Meeting, July 18th, 1869 In April, 1866, the lines of the United States Telegraph Com pany were consolidated with the Western Union. That com pany was organized in 1863, and constructed a system of rival lines, embracing sixteen thousand miles of wire, and covering considerable portions of the territory occupied by the Western Union and American lines. The United States Company, how ever, under the most vigorous administration, with all of its lines new, and worked to their utmost capacity, was unable to meet its current expenses - the net loss, during the last year of its opera tion, amounting to an average of more than ten thousand dollars per month. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
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(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
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William Orton was born on June 14, 1826, in Cuba, New York. He came of an old English family. The first of the family in America was Thomas Orton who was living in Windsor, Connecticut, in 1641 and later was one of the original settlers of Farmington, Connecticut The father of William Orton, Horatio Woodruff Orton, a teacher, moved from Connecticut to a farm near Cuba, Allegany County, New York. He married Sarah Carson in 1825 and the following year William was born.
William's father taught him to study and to concentrate his energies. He attended the district schools and the Albany Normal School, from which he graduated in 1846.
William Orton worked in a printing shop, and later in the Geneva bookstore of George H. Derby. He also taught school several years. In 1852 he became a partner in the publishing firm of Derby, Orton & Mulligan in Buffalo but in 1856 moved to New York, where he was well known in the publishing business until the failure of his firm two years later. In 1860 he became interested in New York City politics and threw himself into the local affairs of his ward. In 1861 he was elected to the New York Common Council, and there made his mark as a convincing debater and as a leader of the Republican minority. He also took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1867. In 1862 President Lincoln appointed him collector of internal revenue at New York. So successful was his conduct of this office during the war that in 1865 President Johnson appointed him commissioner of internal revenue at Washington.
Meanwhile, the telegraph had been spreading through the country. By 1864 two companies dominated the industry, the Western Union and the American Telegraph. To compete with these, in that year a third company was formed, the United States Telegraph Company. Its preliminary development was not sufficiently wise for it to stand the struggle, and its president resigned. Well-meaning friends secured the election of William Orton to the presidency in October 1865 and he resigned his commissionership to accept the new task. Becoming acquainted with the actual condition of the company and realizing more and more the importance to the public of a single service in communications, he set to work with Jeptha H. Wade, president of the Western Union, to merge the United States Telegraph Company into the older organization. This was accomplished in April 1866. Wade continued as president of the enlarged Western Union Telegraph Company and Orton became vice-president. At the same time the headquarters of the Western Union were moved from Rochester to New York. Wade and Orton then initiated negotiations with E. S. Sanford, president of the American Telegraph Company, for the merger of that company into the Western Union, and this was completed in June 1866. A year later Wade resigned, and on July 10, 1867, Orton became president.
As president, Orton found that the merging of the three companies into one entailed serious problems of financial adjustment, rendered more difficult by the disturbed financial conditions that prevailed during and after the Civil War. To justify the inflated capital of $41, 000, 000 that the Western Union took over with the mergers the new president had to increase greatly the real assets of the company. Further, the Western Union had now become truly national in scope and in responsibility. The vast railroad and highway development of the time necessitated an enormous amount of new construction. No less did efficient service to the public require expensive replacement. Orton started out by suspending dividends. He also at once began to encourage invention and to stimulate scientific standards in telegraphic engineering. Once his program got under way, the business and public service of the company increased rapidly.
Before 1871 only one telegraphic message could be transmitted over a wire at a time. In that year the Western Union adopted the Stearns duplex system (patented in 1868), and in 1874 the Edison quadruplex system. The result was that the number of telegrams passing daily through the main office of the Western Union in New York City increased from 3, 500 in 1871 to 75, 000 in 1875. With unification came also opposition. In 1869 three bills were introduced into Congress to provide that the Government should take over the ownership and operation of the telegraph companies. Orton probably rendered his greatest service to the development of American industry by his fight against these and similar proposals. Appearing repeatedly before the United States Senate and House Committees, by formal address and informal debate he contended for the principles on which he was transforming the telegraphic service of his day. He brought to bear his exhaustive knowledge of the facts of both American and European telegraphy. He opposed any legislation of the kind as impractical and contrary to the best development of telegraphic communications, and he denounced it as confiscatory and unconstitutional. Ever ready to meet attack, and always throwing himself with all his high-strung energy into the struggle, he won. But the long fight, added to the heavy strain of his regular executive and constructive labors, sapped his strength. His tense nervous physique, buoyant though it was, broke, and he died suddenly of apoplexy on April 22, 1878.
Orton was president of the Western Union Telegraph Company, the Gold and Stock Telegraph Company, International Ocean Telegraph Company, and Atlantic and Southern Telegraph Company. During Orton's presidency at the Western Union Telegraph Company the number of telegrams passing daily through the main office of the Western Union in New York City increased from 3, 500 in 1871 to 75, 000 in 1875. He also managed to defend the company's independence from the state.
(Excerpt from Annual Report of the President of the Wester...)
( About the Book Government provides the framework for go...)
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
William Orton was a man of tall, commanding figure, of large frame and dignified bearing. He was built to be a strong man, but the unremitting strain to which he subjected his nervous energies impaired his health and weakened his constitution.
In 1850 William Orton married Agnes Johnston Gillespie; they had eight children.
He was a teacher.
