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Winfield Scott was born on October 9, 1839 on his father's farm, "Richfields, " Frederick County, Maryland, United States, the son of John Thomas and Georgianna Virginia (McClure) Schley, descendant of John Thomas Schley of Bavaria, who settled in Frederick County in 1739, and of Scotch-Irish ancestors who came to Baltimore before the Revolution. In his ninth year the family moved to Frederick.
Schley attended local schools of Frederick until his appointment to the United States Naval Academy in 1856.
His first cruise after graduation was in the Niagara which was detailed to bear back to Japan the first representatives of that nation to visit the United States. Returning at the outbreak of the Civil War, the Niagara joined the Charleston blockade, and Schley's earliest command was the prize square-rigger General Parkhill, which he brought safely into Philadelphia.
Subsequently in the Potomac, he twice volunteered for hazardous service off Mobile, first with a cutting-out expedition under Fort Morgan, and again, in January 1862, with a boat party to rescue the U. S. S. Cuyler, aground and under fire, both incidents showing courage and characteristic eagerness for distinction.
He was made lieutenant in July 1862, and was executive of the gunboat Winona off Mobile and later on the Mississippi. In March 1863, he temporarily commanded the Monongahela in bombardments of Port Hudson, and was then navigator of the Richmond.
He was executive of the Wateree in the Pacific from 1864 to 1866, then taught at the Naval Academy, and from 1869 to 1873 was executive of the Benicia of the Asiatic Squadron, showing gallantry as adjutant of land forces in a punitive expedition in Korea in June 1871. After another assignment to the Naval Academy as head of the modern languages department, he commanded the Essex in the South Atlantic from 1876 to 1879, and was lighthouse inspector at Boston, 1879-83.
Early in 1884 came hazardous duty as commander of an expedition sent into the Arctic to rescue the party under Lieutenant A. W. Greely which had set out in 1881. In the Thetis and Bear Schley pushed vigorously northward, and on June 22 near Cape Sabine saved the seven survivors of Greely's party at the very brink of death, and returned safely after 1300 miles of perilous ice navigation. In recognition of his achievement he was made chief of the bureau of equipment and recruiting, where he remained until July 1889.
The romantic story of the rescue is told in detail in Schley's and J. R. Soley's book, The Rescue of Greely (1885). Later he participated in the Valparaiso affair of October 16, 1891, when two sailors from his ship, the Baltimore, were killed by a Chilean mob. Schley handled the matter firmly and tactfully, and won much acclaim on his return.
He was inspector of the Third Lighthouse District, 1892-95; commander of the New York on the Atlantic coast, 1895-97; and then head of the lighthouse board. He was promoted to the rank of commodore in February 1898.
At the opening of the Spanish-American War he was selected to command the Flying Squadron at Hampton Roads. When Cervera's ships reached Martinique, the Flying Squadron hastened to Key West, and under Sampson's orders was sent on to blockade Cienfuegos, the chief southern port of Cuba. In the Sampson-Schley controversy, into which the navy and the nation were plunged after the war, Schley's conduct during the crucial moments of the ensuing fortnight came under severe criticism. He was scored for delaying at Cienfuegos from May 22 till nightfall of the 24th, despite urgent advices to proceed immediately eastward to the harbor of Santiago, which the Spanish had entered on the 19th; for his slow movement thither; and for his failure thereafter to establish a close blockade.
Instead of remaining at Santiago he temporarily turned back, and cabled on May 27. Fortunately, when Sampson reached Santiago on June 1, Schley was still hanging on. During the month-long blockade preceding the battle Sampson's and Schley's forces were joined, with slightly strained relations between first and second in command. The provisional promotions of August 10, advancing Schley six numbers and Sampson eight, thus reversing seniority, were not confirmed by the Senate, though both officers became rear admirals in 1899.
After the return of the fleet to New York on August 20, Schley served on the Puerto Rico Evacuation Commission from September to October 1898; was president of the retirement board in 1899; and commander of the South Atlantic Squadron until shortly before his retirement on October 9, 1901.
Meanwhile, the controversy had continued, and an account of Santiago, bitterly hostile to him, published in E. S. Maclay's History of the Navy (1901), led Schley to request a court of inquiry. Presided over by Admiral Dewey, with Rear Admirals Benham and Ramsay as associates, the court gathered voluminous testimony from September 12 to December 12, 1901. It reached a judgment in general adverse to Schley, though on certain minor points, notably on the question of chief command during the battle, Dewey rendered a minority opinion in his favor.
After retirement he made his home in Washington. His death from apoplexy occurred in New York City, and he was buried at Arlington.
Winfield Scott Schley was the hero of the Battle of Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish–American War, was promoted to the rank of rear admiral. Besides, he was a commander of an expedition sent into the Arctic to rescue the party under Lieutenant A. W. Greely and saved all survivors. His national prominence after this expedition was increased by the Valparaiso affair of October 16, 1891. There is a memorial to Schley in the lobby of the Maryland State House on State Circle in Annapolis. There is a bust of him by Ernest Keyser in Annapolis. Schley, Minnesota, an unincorporated community in Cass County, is named after Commodore Schley.
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
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Schley belonged to several military societies including the Naval Order of the United States, the Military Order of Foreign Wars and the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. In 1905 he became a member of the Empire State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.
Schley frankly enjoyed his popularity, was known for his affability, humor, and the bluff, hearty manner of an old-time sailor.
On September 10, 1863 Schley was married to Annie Rebecca Franklin of Annapolis, Maryland, who bore him three children.
