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Wright Marion Morris Edit Profile

educator Photographer author

Wright Marion Morris was an American novelist, short-story writer, essayist, and photographer who often wrote about the Midwestern prairie where he grew up. Pairing photographs with his own writing, Morris pioneered a new tradition of “photo-texts” in the 1940s that proved highly influential to future photographers.

Background

Wright Morris was born on January 6, 1910, in Central City, Nebraska, and the Nebraska plains are the setting for much of his work. His mother, Grace Osborn Morris, died within days of his birth, leaving Morris "half an orphan." His father, Will Morris, was a traveler and "wanderer" who often left Morris in the care of neighbors. During Morris's childhood the family lived in several Nebraskan towns finally settling in Omaha from 1919 to 1924. While he lived in Omaha, Morris spent two summers on his Uncle Harry and Aunt Clara's farm near Norfolk, Nebraska. Both his Uncle Harry and his Aunt Clara appear in his writing.

Education

Morris briefly attended the Adventist-run Pacific Union College in California. He later attended Pomona College in California, graduating in 1933.

Career

After graduation Wright Morris traveled throughout Europe, purchasing his first camera in Vienna. Morris returned to California in 1934 determined to become a writer, but also continued to photograph. In 1935, he bought a Rolleiflex camera and began photographing extensively. Morris first exhibited his photo-texts in 1940, at the New School for Social Research in New York. That same year the Museum of Modern Art purchased prints for their collection and New Directions published images that would become his first book.

In 1942, Morris received the first of his three Guggenheim Fellowships, funding the completion of The Inhabitants. Published by Scribners, The Inhabitants (1946) documented domestic scenes of the South, Midwest, and Southwest and although visually influential enjoyed little financial success. His second photo-text book, The Home Place (1948) was a visual novel, with short fictional prose accompanying each photograph. Although groundbreaking, it remained unmarketable and after its publication Morris invested in his more successful career as a writer. Morris continued to write and publish while teaching English and creative writing from 1962 - 1974 at San Francisco State University in San Francisco, California.

The Museum of Modern Art proved supportive of Morris throughout his career, both exhibiting and purchasing his work. MoMA curator John Szarkowski prompted a reconsideration of Wright Morris with the publication of God’s Country and My People (1968), widely considered Morris’s most successful photo-text book. Morris’s exhibition career burgeoned in his later years with many shows including Wright Morris: Origin of a Species, a 1992 retrospective at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and following his death, Distinctly American: The Photography of Wright Morris at Stanford’s Cantor Center of Art in 2002.

The Wright Morris archive contains 357 vintage prints (printed by Morris and under his supervision); a portfolio of 12 modern prints published by the Witkin Gallery in 1981; about 500 work prints; and photographic materials including black and white film negatives in a variety of formats, color 35mm slides, videotapes, and a small selection of portraits of Morris and his wife, Josephine Kantor.

Morris continued writing after he retired from teaching. In his final novel, Plains Song: For Female Voices, Morris returned to his Nebraskan roots, tracing three generations of a Nebraska farm family. Morris lived with his second wife Josephine Mary Kantor in Mill Vallery, California, until he died in 1998.

Achievements

  • Wright Morris is known for his portrayals of the people and artifacts of the Great Plains in words and pictures, as well as for experimenting with narrative forms. Morris won the National Book Award for The Field of Vision in 1956. His final novel, Plains Song won the American Book Award in 1981. His short stories have been cited by the O. Henry Awards and are regularly included in the Best American Short Stories anthologies.

Works

All works

Views

In his writings Wright Morris sought to recapture the American past and portray the frustrations of contemporary life. Morris’s poetic images exist in a fictional narrative, but reference documentary style. All his fiction is imbued with a strong sense of place. In most of Morris's fiction a hero figure attracts witnesses to his antic behavior, activating elements of a time and place that cause the witnesses to release suppressed emotions and to make connections between people and objects that help them define their identity.

Quotations: “We make to ourselves pictures of facts. The picture is a model of reality.”

Membership

  • National Institute of Arts and Letters

  • American Academy of Arts & Sciences

Connections

Wright Morris was married to Mary E. Finfrock since 1934 but the couple divorced in 1961. After that he married Josephine Kantor in 1961.

Father:
William Henry Morris

Mother:
Grace Osborn Morris

Spouse:
Josephine Mary Kantor

ex-spouse:
Mary E. Finfrock