Career
Born to Corsican parents in French-ruled Algeria, he was transferred to Senegal to lead the expansion of colonial rule north of the Senegal river, where Moorish tribes held firm against French rule. Their tribal rivalries provided Coppolani with an opportunity, and in 1901, he drew up a plan for moving into the territory with a combination of military and political strategies. They were promised a dominant role in the colonial administration and protection for their Zawiya tribes against the attacks of Hassane warriors.
In return they would use their religious influence to persuade the local emirs to accept French rule.
With military pressure applied, the strategy worked, and the emirates of Tagant, Trarza and Brakna all accepted French rule in 1903-1904. The last emirate, in the northern zone of Adrar, proved combative.
The emirate was eventually defeated and forcibly incorporated into Mauritania in 1912, by General Gouraud, but tribal revolts and raids persisted until 1934.