Background
Alexei Naumovich Senyavin was born on February 16, 1716 in Russian Federation. He was the son of Naum Senyavin.
Alexei Naumovich Senyavin was born on February 16, 1716 in Russian Federation. He was the son of Naum Senyavin.
Alexei Naumovich began his career in the navy in 1734 as a warrant officer. Serving in the Dnieper Flotilla, he took part in the Russo-Turkish War of 1735-1739. In 1739, he was transferred to the Baltic Fleet. At the height of the Seven Years' War, Alexei Naumovich commanded a battleship during the blockade of Kolberg. He retired from the navy in 1762 as a captain, 1st rank.
Senyavin’s later career in the navy coincided with the reign of Catherine the Great. In 1766, he was called out for service yet again and promoted to the rank of rear admiral two years later. Due to Russia's ongoing preparations for the war against the Turks, the empress entrusted Alexei Naumovich with the construction of different ships at the dockyards along the Don River, which would be able to reach the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Thus, he was made responsible for re-establishing the Don Military Flotilla, which was supposed to interoperate with the Russian ground forces along the Crimean coastline. Alexei Naumovich had to come up with a certain type of ships, which could navigate in shallow waters and meet combat requirements, at the same time. He managed to build a flotilla by 1771 and then sent it to Taganrog to assist the Russian troops in occupying the Crimea. In 1773, he was put in charge of this flotilla and succeeded in fighting off the Turks at sea, finally blocking their access to the Sea of Azov by capturing Yenikale and Kerch. In 1774, Alexei Naumovich rebuffed the attack of the Turkish fleet in the Strait of Kerch, making it retire with losses. Owing in large part to the actions of the Don Military Flotilla under Senyavin's command, Russia signed a favourable Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca with Turkey, regaining Azov and Taganrog and gaining Kerch and Yenikale. Thus, Catherine II made Peter the Great's dream a reality – Russia finally got its first direct access to the Black Sea.