Background
Arthur Sintin Otis was born on July 28, 1886, in Denver, Colorado, the son of George Frank Otis and Margaretta Jane Sinton.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
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(Originally published in 1920. This volume from the Cornel...)
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musician psychologist scientist
Arthur Sintin Otis was born on July 28, 1886, in Denver, Colorado, the son of George Frank Otis and Margaretta Jane Sinton.
Arthur Otis entered Stanford University to study civil engineering, but after two years switched to psychology. He received a B. A. in 1910, an M. A. in 1915, and a Ph. D. in 1920, all from Stanford.
While working toward his doctorate, Otis experimented with intelligence tests administered to groups and helped devise the psychological tests used during World War I. In 1917 he was assigned to the Army Sanitary Corps before becoming director of research in the psychological division of the Surgeon General's Office in Washington, D. C. After the war he returned briefly to Stanford as an instructor. In 1921, he became editor of tests and mathematics at the World Book Company, a post he held for twenty-five years. Otis' reputation rests upon his development, publication, administration, and revision of the various forms of the Otis Group Intelligence Scale. Almost completed when the United States entered World War I, it made an indispensable contribution to the Army Alpha Test that was administered to nearly 2 million men drafted into the U. S. Army. Otis' test received an enthusiastic reception when published in 1918.
The test has six levels from kindergarten through college, consisting of nonverbal and verbal items, and alternate forms. Nonverbal items ask the respondent to mark from a set of four pictures - for example, rabbit, chicken, turkey, duck - the one that does not belong with the others. Users are warned that the test is not designed to measure innate learning potential and are advised to be especially cautious in interpreting the results from respondents with unusual backgrounds. Lewis M. Terman, the psychologist responsible for the American revision of the Binet individual intelligence test, wrote of it: "The Otis Group Intelligence Scale was the first scientifically grounded and satisfactory scale for testing subjects in groups, and it probably comes as near testing raw 'brain power' as any system of tests yet devised. It is a necessity in schools, industries, armies, or any other institution or situation in which the mental ability of human beings is a factor for consideration. "
Its success and that of its modified forms, the Otis Self-Administering Tests of Mental Ability (1922) and the Otis Classification Test (1923), was unprecedented in the history of American schoolbook publishing. It continued to be used, but by 1963 the Sixth Mental Measurements Yearbook described it as "both antiquated and inadequate. " By the time of the publication of the Seventh Yearbook, the test had been revised with the aid of Roger Lennon. During World War II Otis was a psychological consultant to the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics. From 1945 to 1948 he was a psychological and aerodynamics consultant for the Civil Aeronautics Administration. In an age of specialists, Otis was a generalist.
As an undergraduate he composed the fight song for the football team; in 1954 he wrote a musical comedy, Love Among the Stars. In the same year he published Reducing Traffic Congestion and Financing Highway Improvement. Among his other books are Statistical Method in Educational Measurement (1925), Modern Plane Geometry (1926), Child Accounting Practice (1927), Modern Solid Geometry (1928), Modern School Arithmetics (1929), The First Number Book (1939), and Primary Arithmetic Through Experience (1939). During the war Otis wrote Elements of Aeronautics (1941), scripts for the Bray-Otis Aviation Series of educational motion pictures (1943), and The Airplane Power Plant (1944).
In 1934 Otis wrote an article on the handling of a glider. After retiring in 1948 he took flying lessons, obtained a pilot's license, bought a plane, and flew from Florida to California and back.
In 1948 he and D. R. Brimhall published an article in the Journal of Applied Psychology, on the voting of congressmen, which concluded: "To a marked degree, the future voting of an individual congressman can be predicted from his past record. " In 1957 Otis published The Conceptual Framework of the Einstein Theory of Relativity: Is It Valid? , followed by Added Revenue Without Burden: A New Plan of Taxation (1958). The latter advocated a 50 percent tax only on increases in the rental value of property, a significant revision of the original single-tax proposal of Henry George. Otis died in St. Petersburg, Florida.
Arthur Otis developed intelligence measures for the army - group-administered tests titled the Army Alpha (for literates) and the Army Beta (for illiterates). Arthur Otis's major works: Self-Administering Tests of Mental Ability (1922); the Otis Classification Test (1923); Reducing Traffic Congestion and Financing Highway Improvement (1954); Statistical Method in Educational Measurement (1925); Modern Plane Geometry (1926); Child Accounting Practice (1927); Modern Solid Geometry (1928); Modern School Arithmetics (1929); The First Number Book (1939); and Primary Arithmetic Through Experience (1939); Elements of Aeronautics (1941); the Bray-Otis Aviation Series of educational motion pictures (1943); The Airplane Power Plant (1944); The Conceptual Framework of the Einstein Theory of Relativity: Is It Valid? (1957); Added Revenue Without Burden: A New Plan of Taxation (1958); a musical comedy, Love Among the Stars (1954).
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(Originally published in 1920. This volume from the Cornel...)
Quotes from others about the person
A reporter once wrote of Otis: "He's master of all trades, jack of none. "
Otis married Jennie Theresa Minnick on June 15, 1919; they had no children. He had one stepson by his second marriage to Edna Farmer Jackson.
