He received a degree in electronic engineering from the Taganrog Radio Technical Institute. He worked in Izhevsk in the field of general machine-building. He served as the department head at the Udmur Communist Party of the Soviet Union Obkom and director of the Izhevsk mechanical plant.
His cabinet posts include deputy, and Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics first deputy minister of defense, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics minister of machine building.
He was the minister of defense industry during the Gorbachev era. He was appointed to the post in July 1989 in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Nikolai I. Ryzhkov.
Belousov was a member of the Communist Party.