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Bancroft was born on November 20, 1857 in Galesburg, Illinois, of Scotch-Irish-English stock. His ancestors on both sides came to America during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and several of them fought in the Revolution. Edgar was the eldest of the seven children of Addison Newton and Catharine (Blair) Bancroft.
He was educated in the public schools of Galesburg, in Knox College, from which he graduated in 1878, and in Columbia University Law School, from which he graduated in 1880.
He practised law in Galesburg until 1892, when he moved to Chicago, where he was solicitor for Illinois of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R. , 1892-95; vice-president and general solicitor of the Chicago & Western Indiana R. R. , and the Belt R. W. Company, 1895-1904, and member of the law firm of Scott, Bancroft, Martin & MacLeish from 1904 to 1924. From 1907 to 1920 he was general counsel to the International Harvester Company, which, with its affiliated companies, he represented in numerous suits in the Federal and state courts.
Bancroft early displayed oratorical talent and he made many addresses, patriotic, historical, legal, and memorial. During and after the World War he was often chairman of committees and the orator of the occasion, from the time of Chicago's welcome to Joffre and Viviani, in May 1917 to that of Foch's post-war visit in the autumn of 1921. A volume of his war-time speeches was printed privately in 1927 by his brother under the title of The Mission of America, the first speech of the collection. In a memorial pamphlet the America-Japan Society (Imperial Hotel, Tokio) in 1926 published five of his later speeches and addresses in Japan. A serious race riot began in Chicago on July 17, 1919, and continued for several days. Twenty Negroes and fifteen white people were killed and over 500 persons injured before the state militia, assisted by the police, could restore order.
On August 20, 1919, Gov. Lowden appointed a Commission on Race Relations, consisting of six representatives of white people, including Bancroft as chairman, and six representatives of the Negroes. On January 1, 1921, the Commission submitted an exhaustive report to the Governor, who expressed his appreciation of their services.
In April 1923 the Comité France-Amérique of Paris, an institution organized "to further bonds of sympathy between France and the Nations of America, " invited a group of Americans, consisting of Edgar A. Bancroft, George W. Wickersham, former attorney-general of the United States, Prof. William Milligan Sloane of Columbia University, and Samuel Harden Church of the Carnegie Institute of Technology, each with wife or daughter, to visit the French provinces of Morocco and Algiers. The trip occupied six weeks and was the subject of several publications. In July 1924 Bancroft was summoned to Washington by Secretary of State Charles E. Hughes, and to his surprise was asked to accept the post of Ambassador to Japan. He did so from a sense of duty and with full appreciation of the risk to his health, which for many years had been precarious. Although he arrived in Japan only a few months after the passage of the Exclusion Act, when that nation felt deeply hurt, his pleasing manners, gentle diplomacy, and large experience in friendly relations with persons in all walks of life, soon won him great popularity. Eight months of incessant activity were too much for his frail health. He died at Karuizawa, Japan, July 28, 1925. The official honors paid at the funeral service in Japan were only less than those reserved for the Imperial family, and Bancroft's body was transported in a Japanese battle-ship to San Francisco.
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He was married in April 1896 to Margaret Healy of Brooklyn, New York, who died in December 1923.
