Background
Francisco Palou was born around 1722 in Palma, Mallorca, Spain.
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Francisco Palou was born around 1722 in Palma, Mallorca, Spain.
Francisco Palou entered the monastery of San Francisco at Palma, and in the Lullian University there in 1740 became a pupil of the famous Junípero Serra. Palóu studied and taught at Palma till 1749, when he accompanied Serra to Mexico whre they lived for five months at the College of San Fernando.
In 1750 Francisco Palou and Serra went to serve as missionaries in the Sierra Gorda, northeast of Querétaro. Here, at Jalpan, they spent nine years, Serra as president and Palóu as his companion. At the end of this time they were assigned to the mission of San Sab, in Texas. But the plans were changed, Serra returned to Mexico city, Palóu succeeded him as president for a year, and then followed him to the capital, where he worked for seven years. In 1767, when the Jesuits were expelled from Baja California, Serra was head and Palóu a member of the band of Franciscans who replaced them. Leaving the capital in July, they crossed Mexico to the Gulf, and on April 1, 1768, reached Loreto, the capital of California. For a year Palóu was missionary at San Xavier.
When in 1769 Serra went to Alta California with the Portol expedition, Palóu succeeded him as president in the Peninsula. Four years he held this office, showing great energy both in spiritual administration and in raising and sending supplies to San Diego and Monterey. Meanwhile the Franciscans were replaced in the Peninsula by Dominicans, and Palóu successfully supervised the transfer. This task finished, in May 1773 he started north for San Diego. On the way he set up a cross marking the boundary between Upper and Lower California, at a point which helped fix the boundary between Mexico and the United States seventy-five years later.
When he reached Monterey in November 1773, Serra was absent in Mexico and Palóu served as acting president till his return. The next year he explored the San Francisco peninsula, and in 1776 he founded the mission of San Francisco (Dolores), which still stands in the heart of the city of San Francisco. For nine years he was head of this mission and the leading figure in the community. In 1784 Serra called him to Monterey (Carmel) and ordered him to go to Mexico on an urgent errand, but just as he was about to sail, Serra suddenly died and Palóu a third time succeeded him as president. In the next year he became president of the College of San Fernando, in Mexico, where he died about 1789.
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Francisco Palou was a member of the Franciscan Order.
Quotes from others about the person
"Fray Palóu was a diligent student, devout Christian, loyal disciple, tireless traveler, zealous missionary, firm defender of the faith, resourceful pioneer, successful mission builder, able administrator, and fair minded historian of California".