Background
George Wright was born on January 22, 1838, at Whitehall, New York, the son of Walter Wright and Mary Peabody Colburn.
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clergyman educator scientist writer
George Wright was born on January 22, 1838, at Whitehall, New York, the son of Walter Wright and Mary Peabody Colburn.
His early training gave him the deep interest in religion and the joy in simple things that he ever afterwards retained. After attending country schools and an academy at Castleton, Vt. , he entered Oberlin College (A. B. 1859), and was graduated from the Oberlin Theological Seminary in 1862.
His first pastoral charge was in the small village of Bakersfield, Vermont, and it was there that he developed his interest in geology (1862 - 1872). From 1872 to 1881 he was pastor of the Free (Congregational) Church of Andover, Massachussets Behind the parsonage in Andover ran a gravel ridge supposed by geologists to be of marine origin, but Wright's study of it convinced him that it was due to glacial action. His theory of the glacial origin of such ridges in New England, presented before the Essex Institute of Salem in 1875 and before the Boston Society of Natural History in 1876, was indorsed by Clarence King and brought by him to the attention of geologists the world over (Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. XIX, 1878, p. 47). In 1880 Wright was asked to serve on a distinguished commission selected to investigate the discoveries made by Charles Conrad Abbott of what were reputed to be the remains of paleolithic man in the Trenton, New Jersey, glacial deposits. Wright's interest in the Ice Age now became intertwined with his interest in the antiquity of man, and this, in turn, with his theological interest in the Biblical account of man's origin. These three interests furnished the pattern for his subsequent life. He became the stoutest champion of the late close of the Ice Age, not more than 7, 000 years ago; of the relatively limited time of its duration, not more than 30, 000-90, 000 years; and of the origin of man within the glacial period. In the course of his geological investigations he became associated with Peter Lesley as assistant geologist of the Pennsylvania survey (1881 - 1882) in tracing the southern edge of the great terminal moraine running through New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois. The study of the more western part seems to have been done by Wright alone, under the auspices of the Western Reserve Historical Society (United States Geological Survey, Bulletin 58, 1890). This work has been of fundamental importance for all subsequent study of the glacial epoch. In 1886 Wright made the first scientific study of the Muir Glacier in Alaska, which added greatly to his fame as an expert in glacial geology. He was chosen three times to give the Lowell Lectures (1887-1888, 1891 - 1892, and 1896-1897); the first he finally embodied in his best known book, The Ice Age in North America (1889). Meanwhile he had been teaching at Oberlin, where he was professor of New Testament language and literature (1881 - 1892) and of the harmony of science and religion, a chair especially endowed for him (1892 - 1907). His most significant service along theological lines was as editor of Bibliotheca Sacra (1883 - 1921). Under Wright the journal was for nearly forty years one of the most respected mediums of expression for the more scholarly conservative thought of the Church. He also assisted his son in the later years of his life in editing the twelve volumes of Records of the Past (later absorbed by Art and Archaeology). Emeritus professor from 1907, he gave himself unremittingly to literary work, leading at the same time a life of singular dignity, simplicity, and sincerity. Two of Wright's geological trips deserve special mention — the first, a journey to Greenland in the summer of 1894, when he was shipwrecked; and the second, the truly remarkable journey across Asia and through Turkestan, which he undertook in his sixty-third year, before the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway. As a souvenir of the latter trip he brought back the liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, set to music by Tchaikovsky. He translated this and adjusted the English form to the music (published by P. Jurgenson, Moscow and Leipzig). Among his books are Asiatic Russia (2 vols. , 1902), Scientific Confirmations of the Old Testament (1906), Origin and Antiquity of Man (1912), and Story of My Life and Work (1916), a charmingly written sketch.
George Frederick Wright died on April 20, 1921, at Oberlin, Ohio.
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Early in life George Frederick was an outspoken defender of Darwinism, and later he emphasised his commitment to a form of theistic evolution.
Quotations: "By no stretch of legitimate reasoning can Darwinism be made to exclude design. Indeed, if it should be proved that species have developed from others of a lower order, as varieties are supposed to have done, it would strengthen rather than weaken the standard argument from design. "
George Wright was a founder of the Geological Society of America and was active in many other organizations, such as the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Boston Society of Natural History the Essex Institute of Salem, the American Anthropological Association and the Arctic Club.
On August 28, 1862, George Frederick Wright married Huldah Maria Day, by whom he had a son and three daughters. On September 22, 1904, five years after the death of his first wife, he married Florence Elizabeth Bedford.